La (Mongolic)

La is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠯ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
La
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ
a
ᠡ
e
ᠢ
i
ᠣ
o
ᠤ
u
ᠥ
ö
ᠦ
ü
ᠧ
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ
n
ᠩ
ng
ᠪ
b
ᠫ
(p)
ᠬ
q/k
ᠭ
ɣ/g
ᠮ
m
ᠯ
l
ᠰ
s
ᠱ
š
ᠲ
t
ᠳ
d
ᠴ
č
ᠵ
ǰ
ᠶ
y
ᠷ
r
ᠸ
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 13, 17 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
l Transliteration[note 1]
(ᠯ‍) Initial[note 2]
‍ᠯ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠯ Final
C-V syllables[6]: 8 
l‑a, l‑e la, le li lo, lu lö, lü Transliteration
— ᠯᠠ
[note 3] 		ᠯᠢ ᠯᠣ᠋ ᠯᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠯᠠ‍ ᠯᠢ‍ ᠯᠣ‍ ᠯᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠯᠠ‍ ‍ᠯᠢ‍ ‍ᠯᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠯ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ ‍ᠯᠠ ‍ᠯᠢ ‍ᠯᠣ Final
Separated suffixes[note 4]
‑lu, ‑lü Transliteration
 ᠯᠤ‍ Initial
  • Transcribes Chakhar /l/;[10][11] Khalkha /ɮ/.[12]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter л.[6][5]
  • Not occurring word-initially in native words.[13]: 10 
  • Forms a ligature with a preceding bow-shaped consonant in loanwords such as ᠪᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ blam-a 'lama' from Tibetan བླ་མ་ Wylie: bla-ma.[2]: 15, 32 [14]: 36 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur hooked resh (𐾁).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113 [14]: 35 
  • Produced with L using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[16]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, l comes after m and before s.

Clear Script

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Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language

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Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language

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Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes

  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. ^ Not found in native Mongolian words.
  3. ^ As in the intensifying ⟨ᠯᠠ⟩ / ᠡᠯᠡ la/le / ele (л l) particle, or ᠯᠠ la (лаа(н) laa(n)) 'candle'.[8]: 308, 513 
  4. ^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter l include:  ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩/ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ⟨?⟩ ‑luɣ‑a/‑lüge (comitative).[9]

References

  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ a b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. ^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  10. ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  13. ^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  14. ^ a b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  15. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  16. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.