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The Tale of Lục Vân Tiên
The Tale of Lục Vân Tiên
Truyện Lục Vân Tiên
	The cover of Vân Tiên cổ tích truyện (雲僊古跡傳, 1897), a illuminated manuscript drawn by Lê Đức Trạch.
Author(s)	Nguyễn Đình Chiểu
Language	Vietnamese; (written in Chữ Nôm)
State of existence	Emperor Tự Đức
Genre	epic poem
Verse form	lục bát (6/8)
Length	2,082 verses
Personages	Lục Vân Tiên

This article contains chữ Nôm text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chữ Nôm.

The Tale of Lục Vân Tiên (傳蓼雲仙; Truyện Lục Vân Tiên) is a 19th-century Vietnamese-language epic poem written in vernacular Chữ Nôm script by the blind poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (1822–1888).^[1]

The 2082-line (present version) work is one of the two most recognizable and influential epic poems in Vietnamese (the other being The Tale of Kiều by Nguyễn Du).^[2] Its reaffirmation of Vietnam's traditional moral virtues, at a time when Vietnamese society was facing the French invasion, had great popular appeal.

Plot

Perhaps the best English language summary of Lục Vân Tiên is one given by Professor John C. Schafer in his essay "Lục Vân Tiên: Its Relation to Prior Texts."^[3] Here is his summary:

As the story opens, Lục Vân Tiên, the main character, says goodbye to his teacher at the Confucian school and sets off for the capital to take the examinations to become a mandarin. On the way he runs across some brigands who have kidnapped the beautiful Kiều Nguyệt Nga. Tiên rescues her and the gratitude she feels for him soon becomes mixed with love. To express her appreciation, she writes him a poem, but then they part. Nga returns to Hà Khê, where her father is an official, and draws a portrait of Tiên to help her remember her absent lover; Tiên continues on to the examination site. On the way he stops off at the home of Võ Thể Loan, a girl with whom his parents have arranged a marriage. After spending some time with Loan's parents, who seem pleased with the prospect of their daughter marrying the young talented scholar, he continues on his way. On his journey he meets three fellow examination candidates, one of whom turns out to be a loyal friend, two of whom become jealous and vindictive villains.

Unfortunately, Tiên never gets to the examinations. When he is about to enter the exam, he hears that his mother has died and decides to return home immediately to go into mourning for her. During his return journey he becomes so sick and weak from weeping that he eventually goes blind. Wandering blind and unprotected around the countryside, he becomes an easy victim for deceitful fortune tellers, medicine men, and sorcerers who trick him out of his money. A villainous fellow examination candidate and his future in-laws treat him even more cruelly: The examination candidate, jealous of Tiên's superior talent, pushes him into a river and Tiên's future in-laws, afraid they will be stuck with a worthless blind man for a son-in-law, leave him to die in a cave. But, as the narrator frequently reminds his readers, the agents of mercy look after the virtuous. A friendly river dragon saves Tiên from drowning, and a fairy leads him out of the cave. Finally, through the help of a woodcutter, he ends up in a pagoda, where the narrator allows him to rest while recounting the misfortunes of the heroine Nga.

Nga, still pining for Tiên ever since he gallantly rescued her, learns from her father (mistakenly as it turns out) that he has died from sickness. She vows to remain chaste and loyal forever in his memory. Keeping her vow is not easy because she has other suitors, one of whom, when spurned, seeks revenge by influencing the King of Sở to have her offered as a tribute wife to the King of Phiên, a country that has been harassing the country of Sở. Nga then must choose between two virtues: faithfulness to Tiên, whom she regards as her husband even though they were never formally betrothed, and loyalty to her King, who has ordered her to become the wife of a foreign king. Unable to resolve this dilemma, she attempts suicide by jumping off the boat taking her to the land of Phiên. She is saved by the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy (Guanyin, Phật Bà Quan Âm), who removes her from the water and places her in a garden of flowers. The aging caretaker of the garden befriends her, but when his son (Bùi Kiệm) makes advances, she flees, finally finding refuge in the home of a kind old woman.

The narrator then returns to the adventures of Tiên, who begins to enjoy better fortune. After being blind for six years, he is cured by a fairy who visits him in a dream, bringing him a bowl of magic medicine. His sight restored, he begins his rise to fame and happiness. He reviews his lessons and takes the examinations, passing with the highest rank. At the King's request he leads a successful expedition against the Ô Qua, a neighboring people who have been harassing the land of Sở. After this battle he stumbles upon the old lady's home where Nga has taken refuge. There is a joyful reunion. Later they are happily married and the King of Sở, grateful for Tiên's assistance in driving out the Ô Qua, and himself eager to retire to a pagoda, allows Tiên to take the throne and rule the country. This summary in English proves the maxim "To translate is to betray," not only because the rich elaborating detail and the music of verse are lost but also because it fails to evoke in Western listeners certain prior texts a knowledge of which is essential to proper appreciation.

Text

The first six lines of the poem are:

1)

𠓀

Trước

炳

đèn

䀡

xem

傳

truyện

西

Tây

銘

Minh

2)

唫

Gẫm

唭

cười

𠄩

hai

𡨸

chữ

人

nhân

情

tình

𢰳

éo

囄

le

3)

𪠠

Hỡi

埃

ai

𠳺

lẳng

𣵰

lặng

𦓡

mà

𦖑

nghe

4)

與

Dữ

𡂰

răn

役

việc

𠓀

trước,

𡅐

lành

𠽮

dè

身

thân

𪢈

sau

5)

𤳆

Trai

𥱯

thời

忠

trung

孝

hiếu

𪵯

làm

頭

đầu

6)

𡛔

Gái

𥱯

thời

節

tiết

行

hạnh

羅

là

句

câu

𤶎

trau

𨉟

mình

References

^ Thị Định Nguyễn No Other Road to Take: Memoir of Mrs. Nguyễn Thị Định 1976 Page 36. "Lục Vân Tiên is the love saga between Lục Vân Tiên, a young scholar, and Nguyệt Nga, a beautiful and virtuous girl. ... Written at a time when Vietnamese society was being put under enormous pressure by the French invasion, Lục Vân Tiên's reaffirmation of the old traditional moral virtues had great appeal among the people. "
^ Thị Thanh Bình Nguyêñ, Dana Healy Aspects of Vietnamese Culture 2002 Page 112 "Lục Vân Tiên - a narrative in verse written by the “blind poet of Nam Bộ" Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (1822-1888); it comprises 2,076 lines in the ... This type of verse is typical of Vietnamese folk literature and was used in truyện thơ (narrative poems).
^ https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/9w032538t ^{[bare URL PDF]}

External links

Vietnamese Wikisource has original text related to this article: Lục Vân Tiên
Lục Vân Tiên, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Sai Gon Claud & Cie (1901), translated into Vietnamese by Trương Vĩnh Ký.