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Émile Théodore Léon Gautier (8 August 1832 – 25 August 1897) was a French literary historian.

He was born at Le Havre, France. He was educated at the École des Chartes, and became successively head of the archives of the département of Haute-Marne (1856) and archivist at the Imperial Archives in Paris (1859). In 1874 he became a professor of palaeography at the École des Chartes. He was elected a member of the Academy of Inscriptions in 1887, and became chief of the historical section of the National Archives in 1893.^[1][2]

Gautier rendered great services to the study of early French literature, the most important of his numerous works on medieval subjects being a critical text (Tours, 1872) with translation and introduction of the Chanson de Roland,^[3] and Les Épopées françaises (3 volumes, 1866–1867; 2nd edition, 5 volumes, 1878–1897, including a Bibliographie des chansons de geste).^[1]

• Œuvres poétiques d'Adam de Saint-Victor (1858/59) – Poetic works of Adam de Saint-Victor.
• Les Épopées françaises (1865/68) – The French epics.
• La Chanson de Roland (critical edition, 1872)
• Portraits contemporains et questions actuelles (1873)
• La Chevalerie (1884) – On chivalry.
• Histoire de la poésie liturgique au Moyen Âge: les tropes (1886) – History on liturgical poetry of the Middle Ages.
• Portraits du XIXe siècle I. Poètes et romanciers, (1894/95)
• Portraits du XIXe siècle. Historiens et critiques, (1894/95)
• Portraits du XIXe siècle. Nos adversaires et nos amis, (1894/95)
• Bibliographie des chansons de geste (1897).^[4]
• La France sous Philippe-Auguste (1899)

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gautier, Émile Théodore Léon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 536.

• Digital edition of the Portraits du XIXe siècle. Historiens et critiques on the website of the Europeana^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• Digital edition of the Portraits du XIXe siècle. Nos adversaires et nos amis on the website of the Europeana^{[permanent dead link‍]}