Kościan County (Polish: powiat kościański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kościan, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Śmigiel, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Kościan, Czempiń, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Kościan, and Krzywiń, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Kościan.
The county covers an area of 722.53 square kilometres (279.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,760, out of which the population of Kościan is 24,102, that of Śmigiel is 5,452, that of Czempiń is 5,135, that of Krzywiń is 1,547, and the rural population is 41,524.
The county is subdivided into five gminas (one urban, three urban-rural and one rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
