Kommendör

Captain
kommendör
Flag of the captain, Swedish Navy.
Shoulder mark of a Swedish captain.
Sleeve insignia of a Swedish captain.
Country Sweden
Service branchSwedish Navy
AbbreviationKmd (Swedish),[1] Capt (N) (English)[2]
RankCaptain
NATO rank codeOF-05
Non-NATO rankO-6
Formation1600s
Next higher rankRear admiral (lower half) (2000–)
Senior captain (1972–2000)
Rear admiral (–1972)
Next lower rankCommander
Equivalent ranksColonel

Kommendör, abbreviated kmd (lit. 'Commodore', official Captain) is the most senior rank of commissioned officer below that of flag officer (i.e. admirals) in the Swedish Navy, ranking below rear admiral (lower half) and above commander. The rank is equivalent to colonel in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and the Swedish Amphibious Corps.[3]

History

A captain used to serve as commander of ship of the lines.[4] The rank was introduced in 1674 as the title of the chief of staff of a squadron commander in the fleet.[5] In 1729, there were thirteen captains admitted to the Admiralty of Sweden (Amiralitetskollegiet). Captain in the navy was changed in 1771 to colonel.[6] During the 1824 regulation, the rank of colonel was changed to a new rank with the name commander of the 1st class (kommendörkapten av 1:a klassen), but in 1845 the rank of captain was reintroduced.[4]

During the first half of the 20th century, the captain served on board as squadron commander, division commander (coastal defence ship division) and as flag captain, ashore as station commander or shipyard commander, head of the Royal Swedish Naval Materiel Administration, department head there and in the Naval Staff, corps commander, etc. There were eight captains in the Swedish Navy in 1911.[4]

Previously, captain was a rank between rear admiral and commander of the 1st class (kommendörkapten av 1:a graden),[4] then between kommendör av 1. graden (senior captain) and commander (kommendörkapten), but today it is a rank between rear admiral (lower half) and commander.[1]

Promotion

Responsible head of promotion for a captain is the Director of Human Resources at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters.[7]

Uniform

Shoulder mark

The top galloon is shaped like a "loop" for an officer in the Swedish Navy (the loop is shaped like a "grenade" for an officer in the Swedish Amphibious Corps).[8] The rank insignia is worn on the shoulder mark to jacket and coat (jacka m/87, kappa m/87), as well as to blue wool sweater (blå ylletröja m/87), trench coat (trenchcoat m/84), sea coat (sjörock 93, black raincoat and to white shirt (vit skjorta m/78).[9] Rank insignia on shoulder mark (axelklaffshylsa 02B) is worn on all garments with shoulder straps.[10]

1. The shoulder mark (Axelklaffshylsa m/02B) is designed as galloons sewn directly to another shoulder mark (axelklaffshylsa m/87 blå).[10]

2. Before 2003, captains wore three 8 mm gold galloons and a loop of 16 mm gold galloons m/51.[11]

3. The wowen shoulder mark (AXELKLAFFSHYLSA M/02 INVÄVD KOMMENDÖR FLOTTAN) is worn on the naval combat dress (sjöstridsdräkt m/93), duty uniform (arbetsdräkt m/87 (blå)) and combat uniform (Fältuniform m/90 lätt, m/90 lätt blå, m/90 tropik (green, beige and blue)).[12]

Sleeve insignia

Rank insignia is worn on both sleeves for inner suit jacket (innerkavaj m/48) and mess jacket (mässjacka m/1878).[9]

1. On the sleeve an 11 mm galloon m/51 with chevron and three 11 mm galloons m/51. Galloon 12.6 mm rank insignia (gradbeteckning m/02) (navy or amphibious corps). 12.6 mm galloon m/02 gradually replaces 11 mm galloon m/51. The distance between galloons should be 6 mm. The distance from the bottom edge of the sleeve to the bottom edge of the top galloon should be 100 mm.[13] This sleeve insignia was worn by a commander (kommendörkapten) until 2003.[11]

2. Before 2003, captains wore three 11 mm gold galloons and a loop of 23 mm gold galloon m/51.[11]

  • 1. Sleeve insignia for a captain (2003–present)
    1. Sleeve insignia for a captain (2003–present)
  • 2. Sleeve insignia for a captain (?–2003)
    2. Sleeve insignia for a captain (?–2003)

Hats

Peaked cap

A captain wears as embellishments (known as scrambled egg) a gold embroidered laurel wreath (skärmbroderi m/49) on the visor of the peaked cap (skärmmössa m/48). It also fitted with a hat badge (mössmärke m/78 off för flottan) and with a strap in form of a golden braid (mössträns m/42).[14][15]

  • Peaked cap worn by Captain Harry Bong.
    Peaked cap worn by Captain Harry Bong.
  • Hat badge
    Hat badge

Side cap and winter hat

An officer wears a hat badge (mössmärke m/78 off) for the navy and another (mössmärke m/87 off) for amphibious units on the side cap (båtmössa m/48) and on the winter hat (vintermössa m/87).[16]

Aiguillette

A captain wears a large aiguillette (stor ägiljett m/1816) to mess dress, service dress uniform in connection with representation (equivalent), and to full dress uniforms. For uniform parts without a shoulder strap (axelklaff), a shoulder girdle is used in the navy (if applicable with a royal name cipher) to attach a large aiguillette to the shoulder next to the shoulder seam. For the inner jacket (innerkavaj m/48) and the mess jacket, the aiguillette is attached to two small buttons under the coat.[17]

Epaulette

A captain wears epaulette's (epålett m/1878) to white tie (frack m/1878) and to coat (rock m/1878). On the epaulette, a captain wears 7 mm and 4 mm (within) fringe in two rows.[18]

Personal flags

The command flag of a captain (and for a senior captain, colonel and senior colonel), is the so-called Örlogsstandert ("Navy Standard"), which is a triangular swallowtailed flag per fess blue and yellow.[19] The Navy Standard is carried on Swedish Navy ships, from which the captain exercises his command, or on which he travels in the service, but with the same restriction as for the admiral, etc.[20] The command flag received its current appearance in 1927.[21]

  • Örlogsstandert
    Örlogsstandert

Gun salute

When raising or lowering flags of the commander's, squadron, department or division commander, a gun salute is given with 11 rounds for captain (17 for admiral, 15 for vice admiral and 13 for rear admiral).[22]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b FFS 2019:6 2019, p. 3
  2. ^ FM gemensamma identitet 2013, p. 66
  3. ^ SFS 2000:556 2000, p. 2
  4. ^ a b c d Westrin 1914, p. 637
  5. ^ Tjänsteställningsutredningen 1967, p. 146
  6. ^ "Kommendör". Förvaltningshistorisk ordbok (in Swedish). Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  7. ^ FFS 2018:7 2018, p. 10
  8. ^ Laestadius 2015, p. 460
  9. ^ a b Uniformsreglemente 2003, p. 137
  10. ^ a b Laestadius 2015, pp. 460–461
  11. ^ a b c Uniformsreglemente 1999, p. 270
  12. ^ Laestadius 2015, pp. 307–308, 325
  13. ^ Laestadius 2015, p. 451
  14. ^ Laestadius 2015, pp. 422–424
  15. ^ Uniformsreglemente 2003, pp. 146–147
  16. ^ Laestadius 2015, p. 424
  17. ^ Laestadius 2015, p. 521
  18. ^ Laestadius 2015, p. 582
  19. ^ Braunstein 2004, p. 112
  20. ^ Stenfelt 1920, p. 640
  21. ^ Lybeck 1945, pp. 568–569
  22. ^ Stenfelt 1920, p. 454

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