Kelvin Aqueduct

Kelvin Aqueduct
The Forth and Clyde Canal passing over the Kelvin Aqueduct
Coordinates55°53′33″N 4°18′06″W / 55.8924°N 4.3017°W / 55.8924; -4.3017
CarriesForth and Clyde Canal
CrossesRiver Kelvin
Characteristics
MaterialStone
Longest span50 ft (15 m)
No. of spans4
History
Construction end1787
Construction cost£8,509
Opened1790
Location
Map

The Kelvin Aqueduct is a navigable aqueduct in Glasgow, Scotland, which carries the Forth and Clyde Canal over the River Kelvin.

History

An etching by James Hopkirk of a sailboat crossing the aqueduct

It was designed by Robert Whitworth, one of John Smeaton's supervising engineers on the Forth and Clyde Canal project.[1] The contractors were William Gibb (founder of the engineering dynasty that led to Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners) and John Muir, who also built the nearby Maryhill locks.[1] A foundation stone was laid on 16 June 1787 by Archibald Spiers, the chairman of the canal committee.[2]

When opened in 1790 it was Britain's largest aqueduct,[3] and onlookers were impressed at the sight of sailing boats crossing above them.[4] The entire project cost £8,509, exceeding the original estimated cost of £6,200.[2]

It was protected as a category A listed building in 1989.[5]

Design

It is 445 feet (136 metres) long, with four arches of 50-foot (15 m) span, and 62 feet (19 m) high above the surface of the river.[3] According to measurements by John Rennie as the canal was nearing completion, there was around 3 feet (0.9 m) of puddle clay at the bottom of the canal.[3] The aqueduct was designed to carry a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m) of water.[6]

The piers are buttressed in such a way as to resemble cutwaters, but only one pier sits in the river.[2] The sides of the aqueduct are arched in order to transfer the outward pressure of the water onto the buttresses, an effect which can clearly be seen from above.[7][8] This design feature is also present on the Luggie Aqueduct at Kirkintilloch, which opened in 1773.[9]

The aqueduct is built from rustic masonry at the lower levels and polished ashlar above.[3] Underneath it is the Kelvin Walkway, which runs through an area of green space around the river.[2][8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Kelvin Aqueduct". engineering-timelines.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d "Glasgow, Maryhill, Forth and Clyde Canal, Kelvin Aqueduct". rcahms.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d Arch Bridges and Their Builders 1735-1835. CUP Archive. 17 May 1979. pp. 128–129. ISBN 9780521218160. GGKEY:FQ9ZF6QS0H8.
  4. ^ Dowds, Thomas J. (2003). The Forth and Clyde Canal: A History. Dundurn. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-86232-232-5.
  5. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Forth and Clyde Canal Aqueduct (adjoining Skaethorn Road Bridge) (Category A Listed Building) (LB32316)". Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  6. ^ Skempton, A. W. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500-1830. Thomas Telford. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-7277-2939-2.
  7. ^ Paterson, Len (2013). From Sea to Sea: A History of the Scottish Lowland and Highland Canals. Neil Wilson Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-906000-34-9.
  8. ^ a b "Kelvin Aqueduct" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  9. ^ "Luggie Aqueduct". engineering-timelines.com. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

55°53′32″N 4°18′06″W / 55.892352°N 4.301727°W / 55.892352; -4.301727