Kazu I

Kazu I at Utoro Port Shari, Hokkaido, 2014
History
NameKazu I
OperatorShiretoko Pleasure Cruise
Port of registryJapan Hokkaido, Japan
RouteShiretoko Peninsula
Launched1985
In service1985
FateSank on 23 April 2022 with twenty six people on board
General characteristics
TypeTourist boat
Tonnage19 GRT
Crew2

The Kazu I (Hepburn: kazu wan) was a 19-ton tourist boat operating off the Hokkaido island of Japan, travelling around the Shiretoko Peninsula.[1] The boat was operated by the Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise (知床遊覧船, Shiretoko Yūransen). The Shiretoko Peninsula, designated a natural World Heritage Site in 2005, is a popular destination for observing drift ice and rare animals.[1]

The boat sank on 23 April 2022 with 26 people on board. Fourteen bodies have been recovered with twelve missing. As of April 20, 2023, 20 bodies had been recovered, 6 are still missing; no bodies have been found since August, 2022.[2] No survivors were found.

Background

Kazu I was initially built as Hikari 8 in February 1985 at a shipyard in Yamaguchi for use of a ferry service between Mihara and Ikuchi-jima by the Hourai Kisen. Those who knew the ship back then, upon hearing the demise of Kazu I, remarked that the ship was built specifically for the calm seas of the Inland Sea in mind and was not for the rough open seas, such as those at the Okhotsk Sea.[3][4] Hikari 8 was sold after a few years, and again in the 1990s to a ferry operator in Okayama Prefecture to serve the route between Hinase and Ushimado, only for the company to go bankrupt a few years later as well. The ship's ownership was transferred to an individual in Osaka before ultimately being sold to Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise in the fall of 2005.[4]

Kazu I's twin engine was reduced to just a single engine soon after the ship was transferred to Shiretoko, with the removed engine reused for a different cruiser Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise operated.[5] In 2015, a bulbous bow was added to the ship, and the ship's length was increased from 11.86 meters to 12.14 meters, as well as the draft being increased from 1.52 to 1.62 meters.[6][7] In 2021 the remaining engine was replaced as the engine was old.[8]

Incidents

In June 2021 she ran aground in shallow water shortly after leaving port; no one was injured.[9]

The wreck seen by PAP-104 ROV.

Sinking

At 13:15 local time on 23 April 2022 the ship went missing with 26 people on board, of which two were crew and two were children. The ship was crewed by a 54 year old captain and a 27 year old deckhand. The crew signaled that the boat was listing at 30 degrees and was about to sink. The crew said all aboard were wearing life jackets, however the water temperature reached 0 degrees Celsius at night. Due to high waves in the area, local fishing boats had decided to return to port.[10] The Japan Coast Guard dispatched five patrol boats and two aircraft to search for survivors.[11]

As of 30 April 2022 fourteen people were confirmed dead, the rest missing.[12] On 29 April the wreckage of the boat was found, located on a slope near the Shiretoko Peninsula at a depth of 115–120 meters.[13] On 8 May, a submersible was used to probe the sunken boat in an attempt to locate the bodies of the twelve remaining missing people.[14]

In late June Russia found two bodies on Kunashir Island,[15] and then another additional body on the south coast of Sakhalin,[16] of likely victims from Kazu I.

Timeline

10:00 The Kazu I departs with 26 people on board. 24 are tourists including 2 children and 2 are crew members.[17] The tour was expected to take 3 hours.[18]

10:10 A trekking tour spots and photographs the Kazu I approximately 3 km out at sea.[19] According to the trekking guide the ship was operating normally.[20]。

12:10 Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise suspends a tour planned at 14:00 due to high wave conditions.[21][22]

12:55 A male employee at Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise, sensing uncertainty due to the worsening weather conditions calls the captain of Kazu I on his cellphone with no response.[23] The main office's radio antenna had been damaged and inoperable since January.[24]

Sinking

13:00 Using a radio on an amateur frequency contact is established with the Kazu I captain. He reports that the ship is near Kasyuni Waterfalls and that returning will take a while.[25][26] Compared to normal conditions the boat is 1 hour behind schedule. Conditions suddenly change and the office employee hears "make them wear lifevests" "the engine has stopped and we're sinking from the bow" "we might lose power" on the radio.[25][26]

13:13 The main office calls the Japan Coast Guard's 118 emergency number: "He told me on an amateur radio frequency that the ship is about to sink. Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise's Kazu I. There's tourists on board. Around Kasyuni Waterfalls."[27] Office employees instruct the captain to also contact the Japan Coast Guard. "I think that's it. We're going to lose power" is the last radio transmission sent by the Kazu I.[26]。

13:18 Using a cellphone borrowed by one of the tourists the captain calls the Japan Coast Guard. Their reported position is approximately 1 km from Kasyuni Waterfalls, 200m from where the wreck is eventually discovered.[27] Several tourists make phone calls after the sinking, one 70-year from Saga Prefecture telling his wife, "The ship is sinking, thank you for everything."[28]

13:21 Another tourist calls his family and tells them "The ship is flooded and we're sinking. I'm up to my legs in water. It's too cold to swim. I can't make the jump." According to the inquiry this is the last communication from the Kazu I.[29]

Rescue efforts

13:22 1st Regional Coast Guard Headquarters mobilizes helicopters and patrol vessels

13:30 A Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise boat departs to look for survivors but turns back due to rough weather conditions. The CEO contacts local fisherman for help but gets rebuffed due to weather conditions.

13:47 The Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise office contacts the Japan Coast Guard: "What happened to the Kazu I? The fishermen are saying they can't depart due to the weather. Without a helicopter they'll run out of time. They'll sink. Everyone is wearing lifejackets. We're requesting ships and helicopters."[27]

14:55 Local Coast Guard representatives arrive at Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise's office.[21] Attempts are made to call 12 phone numbers written by the tourists on board but no contact is established.[22]

16:30 Japan Coast Guard helicopter arrives on scene, begins looking for survivors.[30]

17:55 Japan Coast Guard Patrol Vessel arrives on scene, begins looking for survivors.[31]

19:40 1st Regional Coast Guard Headquarters contacts Chitose Air base, requests assistance from the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.[32]

20:29 2 U-125A aircraft arrive from Chitose Airbase, begins looking for survivors.[32]

23:44 2 P-3C aircraft from the Japan Maritime Defense Force arrive on scene, begins looking for survivors.[32]

Investigation

The Kazu I had been advised by another tourism operator not to leave port due to the hazardous sea conditions. It was the first tourist boat to be operated in the Shiretoko area, 3 other local tourism ship operators delaying the start of their seasons due to weather. Forecasts at the time of the accident showed high winds and waves reaching as high as 3 meters. Kazu I was licensed to put to sea when wind speed is no greater than 8 m/sec, but the weather forecast predicted winds of 15 m/sec.[2] The ship also operated alone, breaking a safety agreement with other operators that at least two ships should be together at sea. In a press conference on 28 April Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise CEO Seiichi Katsurada bowed on the floor and apologized, stating "We caused a disastrous accident, and I’m very sorry."[33] He admitted that the main antenna and satellite phone on deck were known to be inoperable prior to the disaster. Katsurada stated he had approved the trip as he considered that the captain could utilize a cellphone and other boat operators could assist as well.[34] His actions attracted condemnation from both former Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise employees and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Tetsuo Saito calling his conduct "unthinkable."[35][36]

On 2 May 2022, the Japanese coast guard raided the offices of the tour boat operator as part of a criminal investigation into the sinking.[37] On 11 May 2022 the Hokkaido Joint Communications Bureau announced it was investigating the operators of the Kazu I over their use of amateur HAM transmissions for communicating with ships at sea. Enterprise use of amateur radio frequencies is illegal in Japan.[38][39] The practice reportedly started as a cost-cutting measure as expensive satellite calls were billed to individual crew members.[citation needed] A subsequent report by the Japan Transport Safety Board found that Katsurada also dismissed experienced crew members and appointed himself as safety manager and operations manager of Shiretoko Pleasure Cruises despite being unqualified as part of cost-cutting measures to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. He was arrested on 18 September 2024.[40]

Aftermath

The Shireteko area was known for having intermittent cellphone coverage and prior to the disaster Shari and Rausu township had solicited infrastructure expansion to the government. Following the disaster the government announced plans to establish a local base station, expecting greater cell phone usage by small fishing vessels.[41]

References

  1. ^ a b "Ten confirmed dead after tour boat with 26 goes missing off Hokkaido". The Japan Times. April 24, 2022.
  2. ^ a b ナギーブモスタファ (reporter Nagib Mustafa) (Apr 20, 2023). "桂田精一社長の今 知床観光船沈没事故から１年 追悼式典「呼ばれてないから行けない」【誓いの海】Katsurada Sei'ichi shacho no ima: Shiretoko Kankosen chinbotsu jiko kara ichinen: tsuitoshikiten "Yobaretenai kara ikenai" Chikai no Umi" [CEO Sei'ichi Katsurada today: one year since the Shiretoko Pleasure Cruise Boat Incident: memorial service "Since I haven't been asked, I won't be going" Oceanic Buddhist Vow]. YouTube (in Japanese). ＨＢＣニュース (北海道放送 Hokkaido Broadcasting). Retrieved November 9, 2023. (1:16) Number of recovered bodies. (3:50) wind speed rating. The "Oceanic Great Vow" of the video title refers to the Bodhisattva vow, referring to (6:50), CEO Katsurada told journalist Nagib Mustafa that once every month he writes the names of the victims on a tablet(s), goes to the Buddhist temple of an acquaintance, and participates in a memorial service. "I can't do anything more than this."
  3. ^ Osamu, Hiura; Komiyama, Ryoma (2022-04-28). "不明の観光船、もともとは瀬戸内海の仕様 関係者「よく知床で…」：朝日新聞デジタル" [Lost tourist ship was originally for the Seto Inland Sea] (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  4. ^ a b "沈んだ船は「ひかり八号では」「外海で使われるとは」…穏やかな海を高速で走るための船だった" [Sunken ship "could it be Hikari 8" "I never expected her to be used on the open sea"... She was a ship that was supposed to sail the calm sea at high speed.] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. 2022-05-24. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  5. ^ "知床観光船KAZU1元船長が"改造"を証言「エンジン2基→1基に」船底に空洞も". テレ朝news (in Japanese). TV Asahi. 2022-05-29. Archived from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  6. ^ Yoshizaki, Hiroo (2022-04-28). "消息不明の知床観光船は「かつて瀬戸内海を航海した船」か 船舶情報を独自入手してわかった事実〈dot.〉" [The disappeared Shiretoko cruiser was possibly "originally a ship sailing in the Seto Inland Sea" what we uncovered based on the ship data]. AERA dot. (in Japanese). [[Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2022-05-28. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  7. ^ "知床 観光船遭難 船の補修業者が指摘 "小型で知床に不向き" | NHK". NHKニュース. NHK. 2022-04-30. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  8. ^ 日本放送協会 (2022-05-13). "知床 観光船沈没 国交省が去年の特別監査の資料を立民に開示 | NHK". NHKニュース. Archived from the original on 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  9. ^ "Fate of passengers unknown as Japan Coast Guard searches for tour boat off Hokkaido". japantimes. 23 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  10. ^ "Japan: Ten confirmed dead from missing tourist boat". BBC News. April 24, 2022.
  11. ^ Cooney, Christy (April 24, 2022). "Nine people found from tour boat that went missing in rough waters off Japan". the Guardian.
  12. ^ "3 More Confirmed Dead after Hokkaido Tour Boat Accident". 28 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Japan Coast Guard searches sunken tour boat off Hokkaido". 30 April 2022.
  14. ^ "Submersible used for 1st time in search for boat victims". THE ASAHI SHIMBUN. 8 May 2022.
  15. ^ "Sources: Russia likely identifies 2 bodies from sunken Kazu I". Asahi Shimbun.
  16. ^ "Body with 'Kazu' life jacket found along southern coast of Sakhalin". Asahi Shimbun.
  17. ^ "知床観光船「３０度傾いている」と報告後、連絡途絶える…７歳男児と３歳女児も乗船か" (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  18. ^ "知床遊覧船 - コース案内" (in Japanese). 知床遊覧船. Archived from the original on 2022-04-23. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  19. ^ "【動画】知床 航行する船の映像 遭難事故前の観光船か". NHK. 2022-04-26.
  20. ^ "【違和感】事故３時間前の映像「試運転か練習かと」厳しい天候のなか続く捜索　北海道・観光船不明". STV News. 2022-04-27.
  21. ^ a b "あの日「カズワン」に何が起きたのか カズスリー甲板員の混乱と後悔". Asahi Shimbun. 2022-05-05.
  22. ^ a b "「全員船内にいた…」"事故当日"の観光船動画を独自入手 乗客名簿の携帯電話は全て繋がらず…". TBS NEWS DIG (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  23. ^ "「あの時、乗せずにいたら…」　知床遊覧船の元従業員、消えぬ悔い". 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  24. ^ "「船沈む」「救命胴衣を」 知床遭難、緊迫の無線交信（写真=共同）". Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  25. ^ a b "【証言】あの日何があったのか 無線で「ＫＡＺＵⅠ」と連絡を取った同業者が語る緊迫の事態 北海道・知床沖観光船不明 ｜ 北海道 ｜ ニュース ｜ ＳＴＶ札幌テレビ". STV Hokkaido TV (in Japanese). ＳＴＶ札幌テレビ 放送. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  26. ^ a b c "「もうだめです…」途切れた無線、カズワン船長は最後に言った". Asahi shimbun. 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
  27. ^ a b c "【独自】「KAZU　I」緊迫の通報記録　「バッテリーダメ、エンジン使えない…」知床沖観光船沈没事故". HTB Hokkaido News (in Japanese). 2022-05-30. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
  28. ^ "「沈没しよるけん、今までありがとうね」　知床観光船から妻に電話". Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  29. ^ "船舶事故調査経過報告" (PDF) (in Japanese). Transportation Safety Association. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  30. ^ 日本放送協会. "【詳細】知床 観光船遭難 事故の経緯は | NHK". NHK News (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  31. ^ "網走海保の巡視船、事故後の救助に遅れ…「翌日到着」との複数証言も" (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  32. ^ a b c "4/24［公表］北海道斜里町における観光船浸水に係る災害派遣" (PDF) (in Japanese). Ministry of Defense Joint Staff Office. 2022-04-24. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  33. ^ "Operator of sunken Japanese tour boat had previous accidents". Associated Press. 27 April 2022.
  34. ^ "Operator of sunken Japanese tour boat apologizes as company is investigated". The Associated Press. 28 April 2022.
  35. ^ "Editorial: Hokkaido tour boat operator's news conference unveils lack of safety awareness". The Mainichi. 29 April 2022.
  36. ^ "Operator of missing Hokkaido boat apologizes for 'wrong judgment'". The Mainichi. 27 April 2022.
  37. ^ "Investigators raid Japan boat company's office after sinking". Channel News Asia. 2 May 2022.
  38. ^ "アマチュア無線使用で聞き取りへ 観光船沈没事故". 11 May 2022.
  39. ^ "Operator of sunken Hokkaido tour boat used cost-cutting ham radio: sources". The Mainichi. 10 May 2022.
  40. ^ "Hokkaido boat operator's president arrested over 2022 fatal sinking". Kyodo News. 18 September 2024.
  41. ^ 新島俊輝 (2024-06-10). "安全性向上か自然保護か？ 揺れる知床の携帯電話基地局整備". NHK Hokkaido. NHK. Retrieved 2025-01-19.

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Groupe d'Ouroums en costume traditionnel, oblast de Donetsk (Ukraine selon le droit international, Russie selon la loi russe). Ouroums (grec: Ουρούμοι, Ouroumoi, turc et tatar de Crimée: Urum) est un terme identifiant les chrétiens orthodoxes turcophones des alentours de la mer d'Azov, de Circassie et de Géorgie, en tant que groupe ethnique recensé comme tel dans ces pays. Évolution du terme Les mots commençant par [r] n'étant pas habituels aux langues turques, les locuteurs aj...

Chrome hexavalent

Un composé de chrome hexavalent : l'oxyde de chrome(VI). Le chrome hexavalent, chrome(VI), CrVI ou chrome 6 est le 6e état d'oxydation du chrome. Les produits qui en contiennent sont le plus souvent extrêmement toxiques. Presque tout le minerai de chrome est traité en passant par le stade « chrome hexavalent », en particulier le dichromate de sodium salé. Le chrome hexavalent est la clé de tous les matériaux fabriqués à partir de chrome. Le chrome est présent ...

 

Impeccability

Absence of sin This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Part of a series on theAttributes of God in Christianity Core attributes Omnibenevolence Omnipotence Omnipresence Omniscience Eternity Overarching attributes Aseity Oneness Perfection Trinity Miscellaneous Graciousness Holiness Immanence Immut...