He married Anna née Latinik (1902–1969), the daughter of general Franciszek Latinik. Their children Irena and Andrzej were born in 1925 and 1936 respectively.
In the 1930s, Kazimierz and Anna Popiel lived first in Boryslav and then in Lviv.[2]
In the face of the German army invasion of Poland, Kazimierz Popiel took part in the 1939 defensive war, and was captured and imprisoned as a war prisoner. He was in an oflag in Hungary, from where he was taken to Dachau concentration camp. His wife moved in 1940 with children to her parents' house in Kraków to avoid deportation to the Soviet Union.[2]
In 1947, Kazimierz Popiel arrived in Kraków, passing through Szczecin, and he met with his family. In the following years, he was the chief mechanic of the Warsaw Geological Coal Mining Enterprise (Warszawskie Przedsiębiorstwo Geologiczne Górnictwa Węglowego).[1]
He died on January 8, 1957, and was buried on January 11 the same year at the Bródno Cemetery in Warsaw.[1]