The district was established in 1897, then named Uthai Si Sa Ket (อุทัยศีร์ษะเกษ). It was renamed Kanthararom in 1913.[1] In 1926 the district office was moved to Ban Khambon in tambon Dun.
The district is divided into 16 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 169 villages (mubans). Kanthararom is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambon Dun. There are a further 16 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).