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Júlíana Sveinsdóttir
Júlíana Sveinsdóttir
Born	31 July 1889; Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland
Died	17 April 1966; Denmark
Nationality	Icelandic / Danish
Known for	Painting ; Textile arts ; mosaic
Notable work	From the Westman Islands (1947)

Júlíana Sveinsdóttir (31 July 1889 – 17 April 1966) was one of Iceland's first female painters and textile artists. Taught initially by prominent Icelandic artist Þórarinn B. Þorláksson, Júlíana settled in Denmark and returned to Iceland in the summers, the visits inspiring her landscape paintings, one of which won the Eckersberg Medal in 1947.

Júlíana was an active supporter of artists and the arts. She was an early member of the Danish Female Artists' Society, and sat on the boards of the Charlottenborg Exhibition and the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Though best known for her painting, Júlíana Sveinsdóttir was also a significant artist working in textiles, her commissions including a rug that decorated the court chamber of the Supreme Court in Copenhagen.

Learning to paint; leaving Iceland

Júlíana was born in Vestmannaeyjar (the Westman Islands), off the southern coast of Iceland, on 31 July 1889.^[1]

Júlíana's interest in art was sparked at school, and by the time she was twenty she had received lessons from one of Iceland's most famous twentieth century artists Þórarinn B. Þorláksson, and travelled to Copenhagen to study in several private drawing schools, and finally the Royal Danish Academy of Art.^[1] Apart from a brief period in the late nineteen twenties, Júlíana would make her home in Denmark, and though she always entertained the idea of returning to Iceland to live, she never did so.^[1] However, while she spent much of her working life in Denmark, her summers were spent in Iceland, and the country's landscapes were the principal subject of her paintings.^[2] She was intensely conscious of her heritage, writing "I have always wanted to bring my works back home and defend myself. Yes, defend my absence from the country, show people what I've done, remind them that I'm woven from a more Icelandic thread than anyone else".^[1]

Júlíana Sveinsdóttir and the role of women as artists

The recognition of Júlíana's work, and the slow movement toward supporting herself through her art, coincided with the organisation and gradual acceptance of women in the European artistic community. She was an early (though not founding) member of the Danish Female Artists' Society (KKS), serving on its board from 1935 to 1949 and participating in its exhibitions.^[3] The goals of the KKS included increasing female representation on decision-making bodies, improving access for women to grants, as well as providing a social and artist network. From all of these things Júlíana benefitted. From 1941 to 1949 she was on the board of the Charlottenborg Exhibition, and in 1955 she was elected to the board of the Danish Royal Academy of Art: neither of these had had any female board members when the KKS had been founded.^[3] She also benefited from access to grants, including the Tagea Brandt travel stipend in 1946.^[1]

Textile art

Working in Copenhagen Júlíana created abstract rug designs of note,^[4] including a piece which won the Gold Medal at the Italian Triennial in Milan, in 1951, the first design award won by an Icelander in an international exhibition.^[5] Júlíana Sveinsdóttir was later commissioned by the Danish State Artwork Fund to create a rug that decorated the court chamber of the Supreme Court in Copenhagen.^[5] Although her textile works were remarkable and attracted international acclaim, they went largely ignored in her home country for some decades, where only her paintings drew attention and reviews. It was not until the 1950s, and following the Triennial win, that there was finally in her own country a recognition of their importance and artistic merit.^[5]

Legacy

Throughout her career, while she did paint still lives and portraits, it was Júlíana Sveinsdóttir's landscapes that aroused critical admiration and won awards, including the prestigious Eckersberg Medal in 1947.^[3] She is regarded as having been a significant innovator from the 1930s to the 1950s through her approach to the landscape subject and her colour palette.^[2]

Júlíana Sveinsdóttir was one of a number of Icelandic artists the impersonation of whose work was the subject of a 2005 court case.^[6]

The craters of Mercury are named after artists. Following the first Mercury fly-by of NASA spacecraft MESSENGER, one of the newly discovered craters was named after Júlíana Sveinsdóttir.^[7]

Awards

1946: Tagea Brandt travel stipend
1947: Eckersberg Medal
1951: Gold Medal, Italian Triennial, Milan

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hrafnhildur Schram, 'Black rock, blue ocean', in Júlíana Sveinsdóttir: Patterns of Land and Colour, Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2003
^ ^a ^b Audur Ólafsdóttir, 'Júlíana Sveinsdóttir', in Ólafur Kvaran and Karla Kristjánsdóttir (eds), Confronting Nature: Icelandic Art of the 20th Century, National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík, 2001, p. 78.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dagný Heiðdal, 'An Icelandic painter in Denmark', in Júlíana Sveinsdóttir: Patterns of Land and Colour, Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2003.
^ Susan Day, Art deco and modernist carpets, Chronicle Books, 2002, p. 173.
^ ^a ^b ^c Harpa Þórsdóttir, 'Weaving with Icelandic wool', in Júlíana Sveinsdóttir: Patterns of Land and Colour, Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2003.
^ Myndstef, Forgeries, retrieved July 2007
^ Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 'Mercury Features Receive New Names Archived 2016-09-13 at the Wayback Machine', Media release, 28 April 2008, retrieved January 2009.

Reading

Audur Ólafsdóttir, 'Júlíana Sveinsdóttir', in Ólafur Kvaran and Karla Kristjánsdóttir (eds), Confronting Nature: Icelandic Art of the 20th Century, National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík, 2001, p. 78.
Hrafnhildur Schram, Dagny Heiddal and Harpa Thórsdóttir, Patterns of Land and Colour: Júlíana Sveinsdóttir, Listasafn Íslands, Reykjavík, 2003.