John Parker (Irish judge)

John Parker (c.1500–1564) was an English-born merchant, politician and judge in Tudor Ireland. He held the offices of Constable of Dublin Castle and Master of the Rolls in Ireland; to be appointed to the latter office was a notable achievement for a man who began his career as a cloth-maker and had no legal qualifications which would fit him for judicial office.[1] He also sat in the Irish House of Commons in the Parliament of 1560, and was a member of the Irish Privy Council. As a politician, he was noted for leading the opposition to the Earl of Sussex, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, in the early 1560s.[2]

Background and business career

He was a native of Tenterden in Kent, where he was in business as a cloth-maker in the 1530s.[2] He may have been the John Parker who graduated from King's College, Cambridge in 1522.[3] Later in the same decade he joined the household of the King's uncle Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle, the Governor of Calais. Throughout his career, even while acting as a public servant, he pursued his own business interests, first as a ship-owner and then as a maker of hats and tapestries. For the latter trade, he obtained a royal licence to import dyed wool. He also obtained permission to take fish from the River Bann.[1]

He seems to have been a sincere religious reformer, although like many reformers he personally did very well out of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. He received Selskar Abbey in Wexford, Rosbercon Abbey in Kilkenny (although he apparently never lived there, and let it decay into a ruin), Holmpatrick Abbey near Skerries, Dublin and Tircroghan in Westmeath.[2] In his last years he was attempting to purchase Kilcormac Abbey in County Offaly. Despite his apparent wealth Parker, like so many notable figures of the Tudor era, died in debt. He was generous in disposing of land at affordable prices, which increased his popularity.[3]

Selskar Abbey, which Parker acquired after the Dissolution of the Monasteries

Political and judicial career

He is first recorded in Ireland about 1540 as secretary to the Lord Deputy, Sir Anthony St. Leger, who placed great reliance on him.[2] After St.Leger's recall his influence declined for a time. He became Constable of Dublin Castle in 1543 and organised the defence of Carrickfergus in 1551. He entered the Irish House of Commons as MP for Trim in 1560, and was Chief Serjeant for Connacht, and a Royal Commissioner in Munster in 1562.

Although he held a number of quasi-judicial posts, such as Marshal of the Dublin Courts and usher in the Court of Exchequer (Ireland), these seem to have been sinecures. His appointment as Master of the Rolls in 1552 is more surprising; while not as important a judicial office as it later became, it nonetheless required a qualified lawyer, and Parker, as far as is known, had no legal training. He reached the height of his political influence in 1553 with his appointment to the Privy Council of Ireland.[2] The following year he was summoned to London to answer charges of wasteful management of Government revenues, and was deprived of his seat on the council and briefly imprisoned; again his fortunes were tied to those of St. Leger, who was once more in disgrace.[3] However, he was restored to royal favour in 1556.

Dispute with the Earl of Sussex

Thomas Radclyffe, Earl of Sussex: Parker became his chief enemy in Irish politics

Parker's later years were overshadowed by his bitter quarrel with the Lord Deputy, Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex. Initial relations between the two men seem to have been friendly enough: Parker entertained Sussex at Holmpatrick Abbey soon after the latter's arrival in Ireland, and they went together on an expedition against Shane O'Neill the next year.[2] By 1562 however their mutual hostility was a major factor in Irish politics. Sussex's policies, particularly his levying of taxes, had aroused much opposition in the Pale (i.e. the four eastern counties which were under secure English rule). Parker, despite being English himself, emerged as one of the leaders of "the gentlemen of the Pale" and used his judicial authority to declare that Sussex had exceeded his legal powers. Sussex in turn accused Parker of disloyalty to the Queen and of being the author of a scurrilous book vilifying him.[4]

Another source of contention was religion: Sussex, who had originally been appointed Lord Deputy by the devoutly Catholic Queen Mary I, was a very lukewarm Protestant: his first royal commission from Mary had included an injunction to suppress all Irish heretics and Lollards, and Parker, as an extreme Protestant reformer, had been obliged to seek a royal pardon for his recusancy.[2] After the accession of Elizabeth I, with the Protestant reformers once more dominant, Parker, in turn, accused Sussex of a lack of religious zeal.

At the request of the gentry of the Pale, the Queen was persuaded to set up a Commission of Inquiry into the charges and counter-charges made against each other by Sussex and Parker; the Commissioners were Sir Thomas Wroth and Sir Nicholas Arnold.[4] Initially, the inquiry went badly for Parker, who was deprived in the short term of some of his lands, and censured by the Irish Privy Council, of which he was himself a member, with the Queen's full approval. She clearly had no intention of disgracing Parker permanently, but wished him to be "reformed and taught to know his faults". Both of the Commissioners were like Parker, strong Protestants, but unlike Parker, they were not entirely unsympathetic to Sussex. The result of the inquiry was Sussex's recall to England, which he had been pressing for himself.[4] Sussex developed a deep grievance against Arnold and later tried to impeach him, but without success. The Commissioners praised Parker for his religious zeal: whether this might have led to further career advancement is unknown, since he died the same year.[2]

Family

Parker made an advantageous marriage to the twice-widowed Marian St Lawrence, daughter of Nicholas St Lawrence, 4th Baron Howth, and mother through her first husband of Richard Nugent, 5th Baron Delvin, and of Nicholas Nugent, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas. He had a son and a daughter. The noted Jacobite conspirator Colonel John Parker (c. 1651 – c. 1719) and his son General Gervais Parker (1695-1750) were descended from him.[5]

Character

Elrington Ball describes Parker as an extraordinary individual who from his modest beginning as a merchant in a small English town, despite having no legal training, rose to become a senior Irish statesman and judge,[1] powerful enough to challenge the Earl of Sussex and able to win the respect of other leading figures in the Irish administration, such as Sussex's successor Nicholas Arnold.

References

  1. ^ a b c Ball pp. 140–141
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 John Murray London 1926 Vol.1 p.205
  3. ^ a b c Barry, Judy "Parker, John" Cambridge Dictionary of Irish Biography
  4. ^ a b c Dunlop, Robert (1896). "Radcliffe, Thomas" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 139.
  5. ^ Alger, John Goldworth (1895). "Parker, John (fl.1705)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 43. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 247.

Read other articles:

Bon VoyageAlbum mini karya YooADirilis07 September 2020 (2020-09-07)GenreK-popDurasi17:46LabelWMKronologi YooA Bon Voyage(2020) Selfish(2022) Singel dalam album Bon Voyage Bon VoyageDirilis: 7 September 2020 Video musikBon Voyage di YouTube Bon Voyage adalah debut solo album mini oleh penyanyi Korea Selatan YooA dari girl grup Oh My Girl. Album ini dirilis oleh WM Entertainment pada 7 September 2020. Album ini terdiri dari lima lagu, termasuk judul lagu dengan nama yang sama.[1&#...

 

Village in Ardabil, IranKhan Kandi خان كنديvillageKhan KandiCoordinates: 38°55′17″N 48°03′25″E / 38.92139°N 48.05694°E / 38.92139; 48.05694Country IranProvinceArdabilCountyGermiBakhshCentralRural DistrictOjarud-e GharbiElevation1,664 m (5,459 ft)Population (2006) • Total18Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)Area code655 Khan Kandi (Persian: خان كندي, also Romanized as Khān Kandī)&...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Thar Pike KaungNama lainBurmaသားပိုက်ကောင် SutradaraSteel (Dwe Myittar)SkenarioNay Soe ThaeCeritaZan Thazin ThwayPemeran Htun Htun Soe Myat Thuzar Shwe Thamee SinematograferMano V. NarayananPerusahaanproduksiArr Mhan Fi...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Murad Wilfried Hofmann Murad Wilfried Hofmann lahir pada tanggal 6 Juli 1931 dengan nama Wilfred Hoffman dari sebuah keluarga Katolik di German. Murad Wilfried Hofman menempuh pendidikan di Union College, New York. Pada tahun 1957, ia meraih gelar Dok...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada April 2016. Audio-Technica CorporationNama asli株式会社オーディオテクニカJenisSwastaIndustriPeralatan audioDidirikan1962 (Shinjuku, Tokyo)PendiriHideo MatsushitaKantorpusatMachida, Tokyo, JepangTokohkunciHideo Matsushita (Pendiri)Kazuo Matsushita (Presi...

 

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

Partai Buruh Sosialis Spanyol Partido Socialista Obrero EspañolSingkatanPSOEPresidenCristina NarbonaSekretaris JenderalPedro SánchezWakil Sekretaris JenderalAdriana LastraKetua Fraksi di KongresAdriana LastraKetua Fraksi di SenatAnder GilPendiriPablo Iglesias PosseDibentuk2 Mei 1879 (1879-05-02)Kantor pusatC/ Ferraz, 7028008, MadridSurat kabarEl SocialistaSayap pelajarCampus JovenSayap pemudaPemuda Sosialis SpanyolSerikat pekerjaSerikat Pekerja UmumKeanggotaan (2019) 178.651[1]...

 

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

Human flourishing in Ancient Greek philosophy For the moth, see Eudaemonia (moth). For other uses, see Eudaemon (disambiguation). Eudaimonia (/juːdɪˈmoʊniə/; Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː]), sometimes anglicized as eudaemonia or eudemonia, is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of 'good spirit', and which is commonly translated as 'happiness' or 'welfare'. In the works of Aristotle, eudaimonia was the term for the highest human good in o...

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Luglio (disambigua). Luglio, che raffigura la raccolta delle messi (Ciclo dei mesi, castello del Buonconsiglio, Trento) Luglio è il settimo mese dell'anno secondo il calendario gregoriano e il secondo mese dell'estate nell'emisfero boreale, dell'inverno nell'emisfero australe; conta 31 giorni e si colloca nella seconda metà di un anno civile.[1] Indice 1 Storia 2 Cultura 3 Ricorrenze 4 Note 5 Bibliografia 6 Altri progetti...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento Stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Montevarchi Calcio Aquila 1902. Montevarchi Calcio Aquila 1902Stagione 1985-1986Sport calcio Squadra Montevarchi Allenatore Maurizio Bruno poi Gianni Corelli Presidente Lezio Losi Serie C216º posto nel girone A. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Bertini, Tatti (33) M...

 

International arbitral body for sports disputes Court of Arbitration for Sport(in French) Tribunal arbitral du sportHeadquarters, in Lausanne, SwitzerlandEstablished1984[1]LocationLausanne, SwitzerlandAuthorized byInternational Olympic Committee (Olympic Charter)Appeals toFederal Supreme Court of SwitzerlandWebsitewww.tas-cas.orgPresidentCurrentlyJohn CoatesSince2011 The entrance of the headquarters of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, in Lausanne, Switzerland The Court of Arbitrati...

Voce principale: Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart 1893. Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart 1893Stagione 1969-1970Sport calcio Squadra Stoccarda Allenatore Franz Seybold Bundesliga7º posto Coppa di GermaniaPrimo turno Coppa delle FiereSecondo turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Weidmann, Gress (34)Totale: Weidmann, Gress (39) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Olsson (12)Totale: Olsson (13) StadioNeckarstadion Maggior numero di spettatori72 000 vs. Bayern Monaco Minor numero di sp...

 

Site of religious significance. For other uses, see Jacob's Well (disambiguation). Jacob's WellJacob's Well in 2013.Shown within the West BankLocationNear Balata village, West BankCoordinates32°12′34″N 35°17′07″E / 32.209461°N 35.285331°E / 32.209461; 35.285331TypeWell Jacob's Well, 1912 The Greek Orthodox St. Photini Church at Bir Ya'qub in 2008 The dome of St. Photini Church at Bir Ya'qub (2008) Jacob's Well,[a] also known as Jacob's Fountain or t...

 

Прогрессивный рэп Направление хип-хоп Истоки хип-хоп, авангардная музыка, джаз, рок, соул Время и место возникновения 1980-е, США Музыкальные инструменты вокал, сэмплер, бас-гитара, клавишные, барабаны, гитара Производные гомо-хоп, политический хип-хоп См. также альтернативн...

Painting by Antoine Watteau This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Dreamer painting – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Dreamerfr: La RêveuseArtistAntoine WatteauYearc. 1712–1717See § Provenance and datingCatalogueH 45; G 8...

 

Station near Dublin, Ireland HansfieldPáirc HansThe station's building, on Station Road.General informationLocationStation Road, Hansfield, Dublin 15IrelandCoordinates53°23′14″N 6°26′32″W / 53.3871°N 6.4421°W / 53.3871; -6.4421Owned byIarnród ÉireannOperated byIarnród ÉireannPlatforms2ConstructionStructure typeAt-gradeOther informationStation codeHAFLDFare zoneSuburban 2Key dates28 June 2013Station opens Hansfield railway station is a railway station i...

 

Air Botswana IATA ICAO Kode panggil BP BOT BOTSWANA Didirikan1972PenghubungBandar Udara Internasional Sir Seretse KhamaProgram penumpang setiaTeemane ClubAnak perusahaanNoneArmada5[1][2][3]Tujuan8[4]Perusahaan indukPemerintah BotswanaKantor pusatBandar Udara Internasional Sir Seretse Khama,Gaborone, BotswanaTokoh utamaAgnes Khunwana (Acting General Manager)Situs webwww.airbotswana.co.bw Air Botswana Corporation adalah maskapai penerbangan nasional milik negara ...

Background operating conditions for electronics This article is about biasing in electronics. For other uses, see Biasing (disambiguation). Bias point redirects here. For the financial term, see Basis point. Bleeder bias redirects here. For the safety discharge resistor, see Bleeder resistor. A graphical representation of the current and voltage properties of a transistor; the bias is selected so that the operating point permits maximum signal amplitude without distortion. In electronics, bia...

 

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: SV Grödig – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this ...