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John Gilmore
John Gilmore
	Gilmore in 2018
Born	1955 (age 68–69); York, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Known for	Co-Founder of the EFF

John Gilmore (born 1955) is an American activist. He is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Cypherpunks mailing list, and Cygnus Solutions. He created the alt.* hierarchy in Usenet and is a major contributor to the GNU Project.

An outspoken civil libertarian, Gilmore has sued the Federal Aviation Administration, the United States Department of Justice, and others. He was the plaintiff in the prominent case Gilmore v. Gonzales, challenging secret travel-restriction laws, which he lost. He is an advocate for drug policy reform.

He co-authored the Bootstrap Protocol in 1985, which evolved into Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), the primary way local networks assign an IP address to devices.

Life and career

As the fifth employee of Sun Microsystems and founder of Cygnus Support, he became wealthy enough to retire early and pursue other interests. He is also one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation based in San Francisco.^[3]

He is a frequent contributor to free software, and worked on several GNU projects, including maintaining the GNU Debugger in the early 1990s, initiating GNU Radio in 1998, starting Gnash media player in December 2005 to create a free software player for Flash movies, and writing the pdtar program which became GNU tar. Outside of the GNU project he founded the FreeS/WAN project, an implementation of IPsec, to promote the encryption of Internet traffic. He sponsored the EFF's Deep Crack DES cracker, sponsored the Micropolis city building game based on SimCity, and is a proponent of opportunistic encryption.

Gilmore co-authored the Bootstrap Protocol (RFC 951) with Bill Croft in 1985. The Bootstrap Protocol evolved into DHCP, the method by which Ethernet and wireless networks typically assign devices an IP address.

On October 22, 2021, EFF announced that they had removed Gilmore from the Board following a governance dispute.^[4] The details of the dispute were not made public.^[5]

On June 23, 2024, Gilmore was selected as a board member of the Free Software Foundation.^[6]

Activism

Gilmore owns the domain name toad.com, which is one of the 100 oldest active .com domains. It was registered on August 18, 1987. He runs^[7] the mail server at toad.com as an open mail relay. In October 2002, Gilmore's ISP, Verio, cut off his Internet access for running an open relay, a violation of Verio's terms of service. Many people contend that open relays make it too easy to send spam. Gilmore protests that his mail server was programmed to be essentially useless to spammers and other senders of mass email and he argues that Verio's actions constitute censorship. He also notes that his configuration makes it easier for friends who travel to send email, although his critics counter that there are other mechanisms to accommodate people wanting to send email while traveling. The measures Gilmore took to make his server useless to spammers may or may not have helped, considering that in 2002, at least one mass-mailing worm that propagated through open relays — W32.Yaha — had been hard-coded to relay through the toad.com mail server.^[8]

Gilmore famously stated of Internet censorship that "The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it".^[9]

He unsuccessfully challenged the constitutionality of secret regulations regarding travel security policies in Gilmore v. Gonzales.^[2]^[10]

Gilmore is also an advocate for the relaxing of drug laws and has given financial support to Students for Sensible Drug Policy, the Marijuana Policy Project, Erowid, MAPS, Flex Your Rights, and various other organizations seeking to end the war on drugs. He is a member of the boards of directors of MAPS and the Marijuana Policy Project.^[11] Until October 2021, he was also a board member of the EFF.^[12]

Affiliations

Following the sale of AMPRNet address space in mid-2019, Gilmore, under amateur radio call sign W0GNU, was listed as a board member of Amateur Radio Digital Communications, a non-profit involved in the management of the 44.0.0.0/8 resources on behalf of the amateur radio community.^[13]^[14]

Honours

Gilmore has received the Free Software Foundation's Advancement of Free Software 2009 award.^[15]

References

^ The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 2005. p. 115. ISBN 9781851096596. John Gilmore (1955-)
^ ^a ^b Willing, Richard (October 10, 2004). "Airline ID requirement faces legal challenge". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011.
^ Sengupta, Somini (June 13, 2013). "Secret Surveillance Court May Reveal Some Secrets". Bits Blog. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
^ Cohn, Cindy (October 22, 2021). "John Gilmore Leaves the EFF Board, Becomes Board Member Emeritus". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
^ "EFF co-founder John Gilmore removed from org's Board". TheRegister.com. October 25, 2021.
^ "FSF adds three highly qualified board members — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software". www.fsf.org. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
^ As of June 1, 2023, new.toad.com is still an open mail relay.
^ Knowles, Douglas (February 13, 2007). "W32.Yaha@mm technical details". Symantec. Archived from the original on May 24, 2007. Retrieved September 26, 2016. if it cannot connect to the email server listed in that registry key, it will use one of the following: [...21 domain names snipped...], toad.com, [...2 more...]
^ Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (December 6, 1993). "First Nation in Cyberspace". Time International. Archived from the original on April 8, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
^ Egelko, Bob (December 9, 2005). "Judges cool to ID complaint". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021.
^ "Board of Directors". Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
^ "John Gilmore Leaves the EFF Board, Becomes Board Member Emeritus". Electronic Frontier Foundation. October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
^ ARDC Board of Directors (July 18, 2019). "AMPRNet Address Sale". Amateur Radio Digital Communications. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019. The sale amounts to some millions of dollars, which will be used in the furtherance of ARDC's continuing public benefit purpose.... The uppermost 1/4 of the former AMPRNet address space (44.192.0.0/10) has been ... sold to another owner ... over 12 million IPv4 addresses remain{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Kantor, Brian; Karn, Phil; Claffy, K. C.; Gilmore, John; Magnuski, Hank; Garbee, Bdale; Hansen, Skip; Horne, Bill; Ricketts, John; Traschewski, Jann; Vixie, Paul (July 20, 2019). "AMPRNet". Amateur Radio Digital Communications. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019. in mid-2019, a block of approximately four million consecutive AMPRNet addresses denoted as 44.192.0.0/10 was ... sold to the highest qualified bidder at the then-current fair market value ... leaves some twelve million addresses ... The ARDC Board of Directors ... John Gilmore, W0GNU
^ "2009 Free Software Awards Announced". Free Software Foundation. March 23, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2023.