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The Right Honourable
The Lord Oriel
PC (Ire)
The Right Honourable The Lord Oriel PC (Ire)
	portrait by Gilbert Stuart
Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland
	In office; 30 April 1807 – 1811
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	The Duke of Portland
Preceded by	Sir John Newport, Bt
Succeeded by	William Wellesley-Pole
	In office; 9 July 1804 – 24 February 1806
Prime Minister	William Pitt the Younger
Preceded by	Isaac Corry
Succeeded by	Sir John Newport, 1st Baronet
	In office; 23 April 1784 – 17 September 1785
Preceded by	George Ponsonby
Succeeded by	Sir John Parnell, 2nd Baronet
Speaker of the Irish House of Commons
	In office; 1785–1800
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	Edmund Pery
Succeeded by	Office abolished; (Cathal Brugha as Ceann Comhairle)
Personal details
Born	1740
Died	23 August 1828 (aged 87–88)
Spouse	Margaretta Amelia Foster (m. 1764; died 1824)

John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel PC (Ire) (1740 – 23 August 1828) was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer who thrice served as Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and also served as the last speaker of the Irish House of Commons.

Early life

He was the son of Anthony Foster of Dunleer, Louth, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer (himself the son of John Foster, MP for Dunleer) by his first wife Elizabeth Burgh. Foster lived in Merville, now part of the University College Dublin Campus in Clonskeagh, which came into his ownership in 1778. He also inherited Collon House in County Louth from his father, and made extensive improvements to the house and grounds; Collon was famous for its variety of trees and shrubs.^[1]

Political career

He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) to the Irish House of Commons for Dunleer in 1761, a seat he held until 1769. He made his mark in financial and commercial questions, being appointed Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1784. His law giving bounties on the exportation of corn and imposing heavy taxes on its importation is noted by William Lecky as being largely responsible for making Ireland an arable instead of a pasture country. In 1785 he became the last Speaker of the Irish House of Commons.^[2]

In 1768, Foster was elected for Navan and in 1783 for Sligo Borough. Both times he had also stood for County Louth, which constituency he then chose to represent. He held this seat until the Act of Union in 1801, which he opposed. From 1785 to 1800 he was Speaker of the Irish Parliament.

It was said by his critics that his opposition to the Union was less political than personal: summoned to London for consultations, he found himself treated with contempt by the English officials he dealt with, who mocked his broad Irish accent and called him "Mister Spaker". On returning to Ireland he launched a campaign of opposition to the Union. He ultimately refused to surrender the Speaker's mace, which was kept by his family^[2] and is now on display in the Parliament House, Dublin (now the Bank of Ireland).

Collon House, ancestral seat of the Foster family.

He served as Custos Rotulorum of Louth from 1798 to 1801 and Governor of Louth from 1798 to his death.

Foster was returned in 1801 to the new United Kingdom parliament as a member for County Louth, and from 1804 to 1806 was Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer under Pitt.

From 1807 to 1813 he was second Commissioner in the Irish Treasury and from 1807 to 1812 one of the Lord Commissioners of the UK Treasury.

In 1821 he has created a peer of the United Kingdom as Baron Oriel, of Ferrard, in the County of Louth, and died on 23 August 1828.^[2]

Family

In 1764, he married Margaretta Amelia Burgh, daughter of Thomas Burgh, MP for Lanesborough, and his wife Anne Downes, daughter of Dive Downes, Bishop of Cork and Ross. John and Margaretta had two sons and a daughter.

His elder son, John Foster, was MP for Dunleer 1790–92 and died without issue before 18 April 1792.^[3] That John should not be confused with his cousin John William Foster, MP for Dunleer 1783–90.^[4]

His wife (d. 1824) had in 1790 been created an Irish peeress, as Baroness Oriel, and in 1797 Viscountess Ferrard. Their younger son, Thomas Henry (1772–1843), who married Harriet Skeffington, Viscountess Massereene in her own right, and took the name of Skeffington, inherited all these titles; the later Viscounts Massereene being their descendants.^[2]

John and Margaretta also had a daughter, Anne, who married James Blackwood, 2nd Baron Dufferin, but had no children. She outlived her husband by many years and reached the age of 93.

One of his first cousins married Elizabeth Hervey, aka Lady Bess Foster, aka Elizabeth, Duchess of Devonshire. His younger brother was Lord Bishop Foster.

Arms

Coat of arms of John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel
Motto Divini Gloria Ruris^[5]

References

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Oriel, John Foster, Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 269.
^ Burke's Peerage 1970
^ [1] says "John William Foster,. M.P., for Dunleer, who married 1788, Rebecca, the only child of Hamilton McClure, Esq., of Dublin, and died 1809, having had ..."
^ Debrett's Peerage. 1825.

External links

Foster papers Online at the Northern Ireland Public Records Office

Biography and letters

APW Malcomson: "John Foster: The politics of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy"; ISBN 0-19-920087-4, 504 pages, 1978 Oxford: Oxford University Press
APW Malcomson: An Anglo-Irish Dialogue: A Calendar of the Correspondence between John Foster and Lord Sheffield 1774-1821"; ISBN 0-905691-00-8, 1975 Belfast: Public Record Office of Northern Ireland

Parliament of Ireland
Preceded by Anthony Foster Thomas Tennison	Member of Parliament for Dunleer 1761–1769 With: Thomas Tennison 1761–1762 Dixie Coddington 1762–1769	Succeeded by Robert Sibthorpe Dixie Coddington
Preceded by John Preston Joseph Preston	Member of Parliament for Navan 1768–1769 With: Joseph Preston	Succeeded by John Preston Joseph Preston
Preceded by Stephen Sibthorpe James Fortescue	Member of Parliament for County Louth 1768–1801 With: James Fortescue 1768–1782 Thomas James Fortescue 1782–1796 William Charles Fortescue 1796–1801	Succeeded by Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Richard Hely-Hutchinson Owen Wynne	Member of Parliament for Sligo Borough 1783 With: Owen Wynne	Succeeded by Owen Wynne Thomas Dawson
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Louth 1801–1821 With: William Charles Fortescue to 1806 Viscount Jocelyn 1806–1807 John Jocelyn 1807–1810 Viscount Jocelyn 1810–1820 John Jocelyn from August 1810	Succeeded by Thomas Skeffington and John Jocelyn
Political offices
Preceded by Sir John Newport, Bt	Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland 1807–11	Succeeded by William Wellesley-Pole
Preceded by Isaac Corry	Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland 1804–06	Succeeded by Sir John Newport, 1st Baronet
Preceded by Edmund Sexton Pery	Speaker of the Irish House of Commons 1785–1800	Office abolished
Preceded by George Ponsonby	Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland 1784–85	Succeeded by Sir John Parnell, 2nd Baronet
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Oriel 1821–1828	Succeeded by Thomas Skeffington