Ning began his football career when he joined Qingdao Jonoon's youth academy at the age of 11.[4] He made his debut for the club during the 2004 season against Inter Shanghai on 16 May 2004, scoring a goal in a 2–2 draw.[5] During the 2005 season, he was the team's top league scorer with six goals.[6] During the 2006 season, he was again the club's top scorer with seven goals, including a hat-trick against Chongqing Lifan.[7] During the 2009 season, Jiang's performances for Qingdao saw him receive interest from Russian Premier League side Spartak Moscow.[8] On 20 July 2009, he would have a trial with Spartak Moscow, however the proposed transfer fell through after Spartak Moscow couldn't agree upon the 1,000,000 euro transfer fee which was requested by Qingdao.[4] On 20 May 2010, Jiang suffered damage to his anterior cruciate ligament in a friendly match against Bayer Leverkusen while he was with the national team.[9]
On 25 December 2010, Jiang, who was still recovering from injury, transferred to Guangzhou Evergrande for a reported 800,000 euros.[10] On 9 April 2011, Jiang made his debut for the club against Nanchang Hengyuan in a 1–1 draw where he came on as a substitute for Zheng Zhi.[11] This was followed by his first goal for the club against Shenzhen Ruby on 8 May 2011 in a 1–0 win.[12] With Guangzhou, Jiang would be part of the squad that won the club's first ever top tier league title at the end of the 2011 season.[13] During the 2012 season, the club signed Lucas Barrios which resulted in Jiang's playing time decreasing to 15 league games that season.[14]
Along with his teammates Wu Pingfeng and Li Jianhua, Jiang transferred to fellow Chinese Super League side Guangzhou R&F in January 2013.[15] He made his debut for the club against Liaoning Whowin on 9 March 2013 in a 4–2 loss.[16] This was followed by his first goal for the club against Dalian Aerbin on 25 May 2013 in a 3–2 win where Jiang went on to score a brace.[17]
On 18 December 2015, Jiang transferred to Chinese Super League newcomer Hebei China Fortune.[18] On 4 March 2016, he made his debut for Hebei in a 2–1 away win against Guangzhou R&F.[19] He scored his first goal for the club on 30 April 2016, in a 2–0 victory against Liaoning Whowin.[20]