Jeff Carter (5 August 1928 – 25 October 2010) was an Australian photographer, filmmaker and author. His work was widely published and contributed iconic representation of the working population of the Australian bush as self-sufficient rugged and laconic.
Early life
Carter was born to Percy and Doris Carter in August 1928 in Melbourne. Jeff's parents were successful merchants and Jeff attended Melbourne Boys High School. By the time he matriculated in 1946, his three major passions were clear – photography, writing and travel. He began taking photographs while still at high school. His first photos were taken with a Kodak Box Brownie, given to him as a 13th birthday present.[1]
Career
In 1946, Carter set off to travel around Australia with his camera and typewriter and made a living selling his stories and photographs to a wide range of Australian and international newspapers and magazines including Paris Match, People, Pix, Walkabout and The Australian Women's Weekly. He was later also commissioned by National Geographic.[2] The curator of the 2011 retrospective of Carter's work, Sandra Byron, said his photographs were "deceptively simple because they were extremely well crafted, wonderful images", and that he was an important figure in Australian documentary photography.[3]
From 1949–54, Carter was editor of Outdoors and Fishing magazine; he then resigned to travel in rural and outback Australia as a freelance photo-journalist. He wrote and illustrated 17 books based on his experiences.[4] His most widely held book outside Australia is People of the Inland. [Adelaide]: Rigby, 1966. OCLC 901968. Carter's other books include: The Life and Land of Central Australia (1967); Outback in Focus (1968); Stout Hearts and Leathery Hands (1968); Surf Beaches of Australia's East Coast (1968); Four-Wheel Drive Swagman (1969); Wild Country (1974); Jeff Carter's Great Book Of The Australian Outdoors (1976); All Things Wild (1977); and Jeff Carter's Guided Tours Of The Outback (1979).
At the time of his death in 2010 he was in the final stages of compiling a book of photographic works produced in collaboration with his granddaughter. Carter also produced a three-volume series of semi-autobiographical novels, Snowmaidens, which remained unpublished at the time of his death.
From 1972–74, Jeff Carter directed and filmed[5] the television series Wild Country for the Seven Network. The series was edited by Roger Whittaker and Jeff's daughter Karen, and was screened internationally, including at the annual television festival MIP in Cannes, France. An episode won awards for Best Documentary, Best Director and Best Editing at the 1974 Australian Film Institute Awards, and another episode won several awards at the annual television festival MIP in Cannes, France.
The Monash Gallery of Art in Melbourne, held a major retrospective exhibition of his images in May–June 2003, which was seen by a record number of over 9,000 visitors. Part of this exhibition was then shown at the Christine Abrahams Gallery, and the National Trust Gallery in Melbourne.
Carter received the Australia Council's Visual Arts/Craft Board 2004 Emeritus award. Senator Rod Kemp, then Minister for the Arts and Sport, commented:
The annual Visual Arts/Craft Emeritus Award and Medal honour the achievements of artists and advocates who have made outstanding and lifelong contributions to the arts in Australia. The career of itinerant, self-taught photographer Jeff Carter spans half a century. It has been estimated that he has produced some 55,000 negatives since he took to the road in 1946 as a young man inspired by his heroes Steinbeck and Hemingway. Armed with a typewriter and a 1A folding Kodak camera, he set about on a journey across the country that would see him document the people, places and life of a changing Australia. In doing so, he has produced one of this country's most remarkable and historically significant photographic archives. As his self-titled calling as photographer to the 'poor and unknown' suggests, Carter is a humanist whose early articles and iconic black and white images, like Tobacco Road and The Drover's Wife, exposed an appreciation of the difficulties Australians outside major cities faced everyday.
The National Library compendium of its image collection [Helen Ennis (2004),Intersections: Photography, History and the National Library of Australia, National Library of Australia, Canberra] uses Carter's iconic 1955 image Tobacco Road[6] for its cover illustration. A collection of his black and white studies was published as Jeff Carter: Retrospective Sydney: New Holland, 2005, ISBN978-1-74110-213-0
Filmmaker Catherine Hunter joined Carter on a road trip in June 2010 to western New South Wales, revisiting bush characters he had first photographed back in the 1950s. The result was a half-hour documentary, Inland Heart: The Photography of Jeff Carter.[7][8]
Themes
As a photographer, Carter concentrated on the unglamorous and unprivileged aspects of Australia, with a focus on the working lives and conditions of ordinary Australians.[9] During his early travels, his experiences as an itinerant bush worker, fruit picker, side show "urger" for a travelling boxing troupe, drover, road worker, and mill hand, brought him in contact with the people who would be the subjects of his photographs. These early years of his career filled him with admiration for those making their livings in some of the toughest environments in Australia.
Throughout his career, Carter has produced series that show the progression of events over time. Concentrating on rituals and process, they comprise evocative images.
Personal life
In 1947, at the age of 19, Jeff Carter married Frances Oscar, a motorcycle rider in a circus sideshow and had two children, daughter, Karen Siobhan Carter, and son Thor. In 1952 he began a de facto relationship with Mary Thompson-Read-Young (known as 'Mare'). They settled in 1962 on a 45-hectare farm at Foxground near the south coast town of Berry, NSW and turned it into a wildlife sanctuary.[10] They had two boys, Goth and Vandal.
Obituary
Jeff Carter's obituary, written by Robert McFarlane, appeared in The Sydney Morning Herald on 6 November 2010.
Books by Jeff Carter
Carter, Jeff & Mossgreen Gallery (2010). Final works from the darkroom. Mossgreen Gallery, South Yarra
Carter, Jeff & Davies, Alan, 1946– & Byron, Sandra & Willsteed, Theresa & State Library of New South Wales (2010). Beach, bush + battlers : photographs by Jeff Carter. State Library of New South Wales, [Sydney, N.S.W.]
Carter, Jeff & Gollings, John, 1944– & Parke, Trent, 1971– & Gold Coast City Art Gallery (2008). Streets of gold : photographs from Gold Coast Streets 1957–2008. Gold Coast City Art Gallery, Surfers Paradise [Qld.]
Carter, Mare & Carter, Jeff, 1928–2010 (2007). Landmarks : in a travelling life. Glenrock Books, Foxground, N.S.W
Carter, Jeff (2005). Jeff Carter : retrospective. New Holland, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W
Carter, Jeff (1995). Jeff Carter's Bush Battlers. People of the inland. Seal Books, Sydney
Carter, Jeff & Primavera Press (1994). Jeff Carter, 1995 : Primavera black & white datebook. Leichhardt [N.S.W.] Primavera Press
Carter, Jeff & Carter, Mare, 1930– & Carter, Jeff, 1928–2010. (1993). Carters' Central Australia (Rev. ed). Hodder and Stoughton, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1989). From the Alice to the Arctic : 40 years of motoring with Jeff Carter. Hodder & Stoughton, Sydney
Carter, Jeff & Carter, Mare, 1930– (1989). The complete guide to central Australia. Hodder & Stoughton, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1987). The Australian explorer's handbook : travel, survival and bush cookery. Hodder and Stoughton, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1981). Jeff Carter's Guide to the outdoors. Rigby, Adelaide
Carter, Jeff (1979). Jeff Carter's guided tours of the outback. Rigby, Adelaide
Carter, Jeff & Niebuhr, Reinhold, 1892–1971 & Van Dusen, Henry P. (Henry Pitney), 1897–1975 (1977). All things wild : more yarns about wild people, places and animals. Rigby, [Adelaide, Sydney, etc.]
Carter, Jeff (1977). Jeff Carter's bush battlers. Rigby, Adelaide
Carter, Jeff (1977). Jeff Carter's new guide to Central Australia. Rigby, Adelaide
Carter, Jeff (1976). Jeff Carter's great book of the Australian outdoors. Rigby, Adelaide
Carter, Jeff & Carter, Jeff (1973). Wild animal farm. Hale, London
Carter, Jeff (1972). A guide to Central Australia. Sun Books, Melbourne
Carter, Jeff (1972). Wild country. Hale, London
Carter, Jeff (1971). Ungezähmtes land ('Unfinished Land'). Engelbert, Sauerland, Germany
Carter, Jeff (1971). The new frontier : Australia's rising northwest. Angus and Robertson, [Sydney]
Carter, Jeff (1970). Four-wheel drive swagman. Hale, London
Carter, Jeff (1969). In the steps of the explorers. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1968). Surf beaches of Australia's east coast. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1968). In the tracks of the cattle : story of the great migration from 11 head at Farm Cove in 1788 to 19 million throughout the cattle lands today. Angus and Robertson, [Sydney]
Carter, Jeff (1968). Outback in focus. Angus & Robertson, London
Carter, Jeff (1968). Stout hearts and leathery hands. Angus & Robertson, London
Carter, Jeff (1967). The life and land of Central Australia. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
Carter, Jeff (1966). People of the inland. Rigby, [Adelaide]
Brodsky, Isadore & Carter, Jeff, 1928–2010 & Hunter's Hill (N.S.W. : Municipality). Council (1961). Hunters Hill, New South Wales, 1861–1961. Jukes, Sydney
^"In the aftermath of war there was a widespread distaste for glamorised, idealised images perceived to be far removed from contemporary life. The work of Jeff Carter can be seen as typical in this respect in its emphasis on unadorned reality. In 1946, equipped with a camera and typewriter, the young Carter began his extensive travels around Australia. His project was conceived in the spirit of honest reportage–he describes himself as a photographer of the poor and unknown–and he often spent considerable amount of time in getting to know the workers and residents he photographed in carious outback Australian communities. Carter's photographs and stories were subsequently published in numerous Australian and international magazines." Ennis, Helen; Hall, Susan, (author.); National Library of Australia; Ennis, Helen (2004), Intersections : photography, history and the National Library of Australia, National Library of Australia, ISBN978-0-642-10792-3{{citation}}: |author2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Henri Mallard, Frank Hurley, Geoffrey Powell, Edward Cranstone and Axel Poignant were earlier Australian photographers who also worked in film. Ennis, Helen (2007), Photography and Australia, London Reaktion Books, ISBN978-1-86189-323-9
^The title honours Erskine Caldwell's book about Georgia sharecroppers. Caldwell, Erskine (1940), Tobacco road, New American Library, retrieved 2 September 2014
^"Jeff Carter gave a perfect summary of the qualities that 'real' Australians possessed when he described two timber-workers he photographed as: ‘hardworking, upstanding, proud and honest craftsmen…nation builders…worthy of respect. Carter himself has been praised as ‘one able to capture the essence of what it is to be Australian’, a view equally applicable to Dupain." Ennis, Helen (2007), Photography and Australia, London Reaktion Books, ISBN978-1-86189-323-9
^Carter, Mare (2001). A wild life : bringing up a bush menagerie. Bantam Books, Milsons Point, N.S.W
