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	Shirakumo upon commissioning in England in 1902.
History
Empire of Japan
Name	Shirakumo
Namesake	白雲 ("White Cloud")
Ordered	1900
Builder	John I. Thornycroft & Company, Chiswick, England
Yard number	Destroyer No. 15
Laid down	1 February 1901
Launched	1 October 1901
Completed	13 February 1902
Commissioned	13 February 1902
Reclassified	Third-class destroyer 28 August 1912; Special-duty vessel (second-class minesweeper) 1 April 1922; Utility vessel (accommodation ship) 1 April 1923;
Stricken	1 April 1923
Fate	Sunk as target 21 July 1925
General characteristics
Type	Destroyer
Displacement	322 tons normal, 432 tons full load
Length	215 ft 9 in (65.76 m) waterline; 216 ft 9 in (66.07 m) overall;
Beam	20 ft 9 in (6.32 m)
Draught	8 ft 3 in (2.51 m)
Depth	13 ft 9 in (4.19 m)
Propulsion	2-shaft reciprocating engines, 4 boilers, engine output 7,000 hp (5,200 kW)
Speed	31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph)
Complement	62
Armament	1 x QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun; 5 × QF 6 pounder (57 mm) guns; 2 × 450 mm (18 in) torpedoes;
Service record
Operations:	Russo-Japanese War; Battle of Port Arthur; Battle of the Yellow Sea; Battle of Tsushima; World War I; Battle of Tsingtao;

Shirakumo (白雲, "White Cloud") was the lead ship of two Shirakumo-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the early 1900s. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), she took part in the Battle of Port Arthur in February 1904, the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904, and the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. During World War I (1914–1918), she participated in the Battle of Tsingtao in 1914.

Construction and commissioning

Authorized under the 1900 naval program,^[1] Shirakumo was laid down on 1 February 1901 as Destroyer No. 15 by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Chiswick, England.^[1] Launched on 1 October 1901^[1] and named Shirakumo,^[2] she was completed on 13 February 1902^[1] and commissioned the same day.^[1]

Service history

Shirakumo departed England on 27 February 1902^[3] to make her delivery voyage to Japan. She completed it with her arrival at Kure on 30 May 1902.^[1]

When the Russo-Japanese War broke out on 8 February 1904, Shirakumo was part of the 1st Destroyer Division of the 1st Fleet.^[4] The war began that evening with the Battle of Port Arthur, a Japanese surprise attack on Imperial Russian Navy warships anchored in the outer roadstead of the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, China.^[5] Ten Japanese destroyers of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Destroyer Divisions made a torpedo attack in three waves, with the four destroyers of the 1st Destroyer Division (Akatsuki, Asashio, Kasumi, and Shirakumo) and Ikazuchi of the 2nd Destroyer Division constituting the first wave.^[5] They closed to about 650 yards (590 m) from the Russian ships and fired nine torpedoes.^[5] One of Kasumi′s torpedoes hit the Russian protected cruiser Pallada.^[5]

As the Russo-Japanese War continued, Shirakumo took part in the Battle of the Yellow Sea on 10 August 1904.^[1] After transferring to the 4th Destroyer Division in the 2nd Fleet, she participated in the Battle of Tsushima on 27–28 May 1905.^[4]^[6] Responding to a signal from the unprotected cruiser Chihaya on the afternoon of 27 May, the 4th Destroyer Division (Asagiri, Asashio, Murasame, and Shirakumo) mounted a torpedo attack against the damaged Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov.^[7] Although Asagiri, Asashio, and Murasame launched their torpedoes at ranges of from 800 metres (870 yd) down to 300 metres (330 yd) and Murasame scored an apparent hit that caused Knyaz Suvorov to heel 10 degrees, Shirakumo did not fire, finding that Knyaz Suvorov had lost all steaming power and come to a stop before she could achieve a firing position.^[7] Knyaz Suvorov later sank.^[8]

Shirakumo was reclassified as a third-class destroyer on 28 August 1912.^[1]

After Japan entered World War I in August 1914, Shirakumo took part in the Battle of Tsingtao in 1914.^[1]

On 1 April 1922, Shirakumo was reclassified as a "special-duty vessel" for use as a second-class minesweeper.^[1] On 1 April 1923, she was stricken from the naval register and reclassified as a utility vessel for use as an accommodation ship.^[1]

Shirakumo was sunk as a target in the Bungo Channel off Himeshima on 21 July 1925.^[1]

Commanding officers

SOURCE:^[9]

Lieutenant Commander Kota Hazama 26 June 1901 – 22 October 1901 (pre-commissioning)
Lieutenant Commander Kota Hazama 22 October 1901 – unknown
Lieutenant Commander Masayuki Kamada 12 December 1905 – 14 March 1906
Lieutenant Kanzo Tsunoda 14 March 1906 – 1 April 1906
Lieutenant Commander Yoshihiro Morimoto 1 April 1906 – 13 September 1906
Lieutenant Yahei Nakahara 13 September 1906 -– 12 November 1906
Lieutenant Hanjiro Sonoda 12 November 1906 – 17 May 1907
Lieutenant Teruichi Akiyoshi 17 May 1907 – 20 April 1908
Lieutenant Yasuhiro Yamamoto 20 April 1908 – 25 September 1908
Lieutenant Shoichi Akiyoshi 25 September 1908 – 20 February 1909
Lieutenant Yoshio Yamanaka 20 February 1909 – 1 April 1910
Lieutenant Nobuyuki Kabayama 1 April 1910 – 1 December 1910
Lieutenant Commander Tomomasa Ohashi 1 December 1910 – 20 December 1910
Lieutenant Commander 20 December 1910 – 28 April 1911
Lieutenant Goto Akira 28 April 1911 – 24 May 1913
Lieutenant Meijiro Tate 24 May 1913 - 1 December 1913
Lieutenant Commander Tadashi Takeuchi 1 December 1913 – unknown
Lieutenant Koro Ogawa Unknown – 1 December 1916
Lieutenant Nomura Jinzo (Naokuni) 1 December 1916 – 1 December 1917^[10]
Lieutenant Ei Kashiwagi 1 December 1917 – 21 February 1920
Lieutenant Fukashi Yamashita 21 February 1920^[11] – 20 January 1921^[12]
Lieutenant Tetsu Sano 20 January 1921^[12] – 1 December 1921^[13]
Lieutenant Miyazaki Taira 1 December 1921^[13] – unknown

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l 日本海軍史』第7巻 ("History of the Japanese Navy, Vol. 7") (in Japanese), p. 287.
^ 『官報』第5481号、明治34年10月8日 (""Official Gazette" No. 5481, 8 October 1901.) (in Japanese).
^ 『官報』第5594号、明治35年3月1日 ("Official Gazette" No. 5594, 1 March 1902) (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b 『聯合艦隊軍艦銘銘伝』普及版、264-265頁 ("'Allied Fleet Gunkan Meiden' popular version, pp. 264–265") (in Japanese)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stille, pp. 8–9.
^ Corbett, Vol. II, p. 218.
^ ^a ^b Corbett, Vol. II, p. 271.
^ Corbett, Vol. II, p. 291.
^ 『日本海軍史』第9巻・第10巻の「将官履歴」及び『官報』に基づく ("History of General Officers" and "Official Gazette" in Volumes 9 and 10 of "History of the Japanese Navy") (in Japanese)
^ 『官報』第1601号、大正6年12月3日 ("Official Gazette" No. 1601, 3 December 1916) (in Japanese).
^ 『官報』第2264号、大正9年2月23日 ("Official Gazette" No. 2264, 23 February 1919) (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b 『官報』第2539号、大正10年1月21日 ("Official Gazette" No. 2539, 21 January 1925) (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b 『官報』第2801号、大正10年12月2日 ("Official Gazette" No. 2801, 2 December 1924) (in Japanese).

Bibliography

写真日本海軍全艦艇史 Fukui Shizuo Collection』資料編、KKベストセラーズ、1994年 ("Photographic history of all ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy Fukui Shizuo Collection" material edition, KK Bestsellers, 1994) (in Japanese).
海軍歴史保存会『日本海軍史』第7巻、第9巻、第10巻、第一法規出版、1995年 (Naval History Preservation Society "Japanese Naval History" Vol. 7, Vol. 9, Vol. 10, Daiichi Hoki Publishing, 1995) (in Japanese).
片桐大自『聯合艦隊軍艦銘銘伝』普及版、光人社、2003年 (Daiji Katagiri "Rengo Kantai Gunkan Meiden" popular version, Kojinsha, 2003) (in Japanese).

Cocker, Maurice (1983). Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893–1981. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1075-7.
Corbett, Julian S. (1994). Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, Volume I. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-129-7.
Corbett, Julian S. (1994). Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, Volume II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-129-7.
Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
Halpern, Paul G (1994). A Naval History of World War I. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-498-4.
Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
Jane, Fred T. (1904). The Imperial Japanese Navy. Thacker, Spink & Co. ASIN: B00085LCZ4.
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Lyon, David (1981). The Thornycroft List. Greenwich: National Maritime Museum.
Lyon, David (2006). The First Destroyers. Mercury Books. ISBN 1-84560-010-X.
Stille, Mark (2016). The Imperial Japanese Navy of the Russo-Japanese War. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1119-6.
Watts, Anthony John (1971). The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-356-03045-8.