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Jane Howard
Jane Howard
	St Mary's Church, Kenninghall, burial place of Jane Howard
Born	1533–1537
Buried	30 June 1593; Kenninghall, Norfolk
Noble family	Howard (by birth); Neville (by marriage)
Spouse(s)	Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland
Issue	Margaret Neville; Katherine Neville; Anne Neville; Eleanor Neville; son whose first name is unknown
Parents	Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey; Frances de Vere
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Jane Neville (née Howard), Countess of Westmorland (1533/37 – buried 30 June 1593), was an English noblewoman who had a role in the Northern Rebellion in 1569 against Elizabeth I of England.^[1]

Family

Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and Frances de Vere, Jane's parents

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, Jane's paternal and maternal grandfathers

Jane was born between 1533 and 1537,^[2] though it is likely towards the latter end, otherwise she would be nine years older than her future husband, being the first or second of five children of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and his wife Lady Frances de Vere. Her grandparents on her father's side were Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Stafford. Her maternal grandparents were John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, and Elizabeth Trussell.

Jane Howard had two brothers, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, and Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, and two sisters, Katherine Howard, who married Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley, and Margaret Howard, who married Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton. Jane Howard's youngest sister, Margaret, was born after their father's execution.^[3]

Life

Jane Howard's father, the Earl of Surrey, was tried and convicted of treason at the Guildhall on 13 January 1547, and beheaded on Tower Hill on 19 January 1547. In 1548 his children were placed in the care of their aunt, Mary FitzRoy, who appointed the martyrologist, John Foxe, as their tutor.^[4] Under Foxe, Jane learned Latin and Greek to the level that she could "compete with the most learned men of the age."^[5]

Despite being educated by Foxe, who was a well-known Protestant, Jane was Roman Catholic as were most of her family (his father had fallen out of favour in part because he was a Catholic and his grandfather, the 3rd Duke of Norfolk had been a prisoner in the Tower from the end of the reign of Henry VIII and was kept there throughout the reign of Edward VI for the same reason, although he was then released early in the rule of the Catholic Queen Mary).

About 1563/4 Jane Howard married Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, who had succeeded to the earldom after his father's death on 10 February 1564.^[6] In November 1569 Westmorland joined the Earl of Northumberland in the Northern Rebellion. After initial successes, Westmorland and Northumberland were forced to flee to the Scottish border when Queen Elizabeth sent forces north under the Earl of Sussex. Sussex proclaimed Westmorland and Northumberland rebels at York on 19 November. Shortly thereafter Northumberland was handed over to the Scottish Regent, the Earl of Moray. However Westmorland was given refuge by Lord Kerr at Ferniehirst Castle in Roxburghshire, and eventually escaped by sea in 1570 to the Spanish Netherlands, where he remained an exile until his death. In 1571 he was attainted, and all his honours forfeited. After her husband's attainder, the Queen granted Jane a pension of £200 for life.^[7]

In the events which preceded the Northern Rebellion in 1569, the Countess had more to do with raising the troops than her husband did.^{[citation needed]} She was well educated but perhaps not the cleverest of women when it came to understanding political machinations. She was first to urge the rebels to rise up against Elizabeth I of England, and yet she expected Elizabeth to pardon her when they failed.^{[citation needed]}

The Countess hoped to arrange the marriage of her brother, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, to Mary, Queen of Scots, and put them both on England's throne and along with it, the Catholic religion would be restored in England.^{[citation needed]} He was executed for treason in 1572 and she lived under house arrest for the rest of her life.^{[citation needed]}

The Countess was buried 30 June 1593 at Kenninghall, Norfolk.^[8]

Westmorland continued to be involved for many years in plots to invade England and replace Queen Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1599 he considered marrying again. His prospective bride was the daughter of President Richardot. Westmorland died 16 November 1601 at Nieuwpoort, Flanders. On 25 June 1604 two of his daughters, Katherine and Anne, were granted pensions of 200 marks a year by King James. Westmorland's cousin, Edmund Neville, the only son of Richard Neville (d. 27 May 1590)^[9] by Barbara Arden, the daughter of William Arden^[10] of Park Hall, Warwickshire, unsuccessfully claimed the earldom.^[11]

Marriage and issue

On 28 August 1564 Jane Howard married Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland, the second but only surviving son of Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland, by his first wife, Anne Manners, the second daughter of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, by Eleanor Paston, daughter of Sir William Paston (died c. 20 September 1554). Jane and Charles were second cousins because Howard's grandmother, Lady Elizabeth Stafford was the sister of Lady Katherine, Neville's paternal grandmother. The couple had a son and four daughters:^[12]

Lord Neville (1569 – died 21 April 1571), whose first name is unknown.
Margaret Neville, who married Nicholas Pudsey.
Katherine Neville, who married Sir Thomas Grey of Chillingham, Northumberland, and died without issue.
Anne Neville, who married Sir David Ingleby, a younger son of Sir William Ingleby of Ripley, Yorkshire, and died without male issue.
Eleanor Neville, who died unmarried before 25 June 1604.

Footnotes

^ "Jane Neville, Countess of Westmorland". 21 December 2022.
^ Peter Henry Emerson in his The English Emersons; A Genealogical Historical Sketch quotes Francis Bloomfield and Charles Parkin from The History and Antiquities of the County of Norfolk [1]
^ Brigden 2004.
^ McDermott 2004; Croft 2004.
^ Adams, H.G. A cyclopedia of female biography.
^ Cokayne 1959, p. 558.
^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 558–9.
^ Cokayne 1959, p. 559.
^ Richard Neville was the son of William Neville, younger brother of John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer; Cokayne 1959, p. 560.
^ Cokayne states that Barbara was the daughter of Thomas Arden.
^ Archbold 1885–90, p. 249; Cokayne 1959, pp. 559–61; Loomie 2004; Richardson III 2011, p. 3.
^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 557–50; McDermott 2004; Loades 2004.

References

Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1885–90). "Neville, Edmund (1560?–1630?)". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1890. Vol. 40. pp. 249–50. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
Brigden, Susan (2004). "Howard, Henry, earl of Surrey (1516/17–1547)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13905. Retrieved 11 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
Cokayne, George Edward (1959). The Complete Peerage edited by Geoffrey H. White. Vol. XII (Part II). London: St Catherine Press.
Croft, Pauline (2004). "Howard, Henry, earl of Northampton (1540–1614)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13906. Retrieved 11 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
Harris, Barbara J. (2002). English Aristocratic Women, 1450–1550. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Loades, David (2004). "Paston, Sir William (1479?–1554)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21515. Retrieved 11 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
Loomie, A.J. (2004). "Neville, Edmund (b. before 1555, d. in or after 1620)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19927. Retrieved 11 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
McDermott, Roger N. (2004). "Neville, Charles, sixth earl of Westmorland (1542/3–1601)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19924. Retrieved 11 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 1449966373
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 144996639X
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 1460992709
Yorkshire Archaeological Society. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1893. (p. 138) googlebooks. Retrieved 16 February 2008
Emerson, P. H. The English Emersons; A Genealogical Historical Sketch of the Family from the Earliest Times to the End of the Seventeenth Century, Including Various Modern Pedigrees, with an Appendix of Authorities. London: D. Nutt, 1898. (p. 73) googlebooks. Retrieved 16 February 2008.