James Phelan may refer to:

• James Phelan (American football) (1892–1974), American football player and coach
• James Phelan (literary scholar) (born 1951), American literary critic
• James Phelan Jr. (1856–1891), American politician, son of James Phelan, Sr.
• James Phelan Sr. (1821–1873), Confederate States of America politician
• James Clancy Phelan (born 1979), Australian thriller writer
• James D. Phelan (1861–1930), American politician; Mayor of San Francisco and U.S. Senator from California
• Jim Phelan (basketball) (1929–2021), American college basketball coach
• Jim Phelan (Irish writer) (1899–1966), Irish tramp who wrote on tramp and prison life
• Jimmy Phelan (hurler) (1917–2006), Irish hurler
• SS James D. Phelan, a World War II Liberty ship

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