Istana Kampong Glam

Istana Kampong Glam
Istana Kampong Glam
Istana Kampong Gelam
	Istana Kampong Glam, currently occupied by the Malay Heritage Centre
	Location within Singapore
General information
Status	Completed
Type	Palace
Architectural style	Palladian
Location	Kampong Glam, Singapore
Address	85 Sultan Gate, Singapore 198501
Country	Singapore
Coordinates	1°18′10″N 103°51′36″E / 1.3029°N 103.85988°E
Current tenants	Malay Heritage Centre
Construction started	1836
Completed	1843
Renovated	2004
Owner	Government of Singapore
Technical details
Floor count	2
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Believed to be George Drumgoole Coleman
National monument of Singapore
Designated	6 August 2015
Reference no.	70

Istana Kampong Glam (Malay for "Kampong Glam Palace"; Jawi: ايستان کامڤوڠ ڬلم), also Istana Kampong Gelam, is a former Malay palace in Singapore. It is located near Masjid Sultan in Kampong Glam. The palace and compounds were refurbished into the Malay Heritage Centre in 2004. The palace was gazetted as a national monument on the eve of Singapore's Golden Jubilee, on 6 August 2015.^[1]

History

Early days

The original Istana Kampong Glam was built by Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor in 1819 on land of about 23 hectares (57 acres) in Kampong Glam that had been given to him by the British East India Company.^[2] It is believed to have been a wooden structure in the area to the east of Beach Road. When it was completed, it occupied an area twice the size of the present compound, which was reduced in 1824 for the construction of North Bridge Road. The Sultan lived there till shortly before his death in Malacca in 1835.^[2]

Rebuilding

The concrete structure that exists today was commissioned by Sultan Hussein's eldest son, Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah of the Johor Riau–Lingga Empire in 1835. It was built on the site of the original building between 1836 and 1843. The new two-storey palace is believed to have been designed by colonial architect George Drumgoole Coleman as some of its architectural features are similar to those of other buildings Coleman designed, although there is no definitive evidence that it was designed by him.^[3] Its design is a combination of the Palladian style, which was then popular in England, with traditional Malay motifs.^[4] The extensive compound of the Istana was enclosed by a perimeter wall, and small kampung-style houses were built around it for the Sultan's kin, servants and artisans.

After the completion of the Istana in 1843, Tengku Alam, Sultan Ali's eldest son, lived in it until his death in 1891. Leases of portions of the land on which the palace stood had been granted by Sultan Ali, and Tengku Alam continued to collect rents and supported the members of his father's family according to Malay custom.^[2] After his death he was buried in the royal grave at the nearby Sultan Mosque.

Succession dispute

In 1896, there was a succession dispute in Sultan Hussein's family over rights to the Kampong Glam estate, and the matter went to court. In 1897, the court ruled that no one could rightfully claim to be the successor of the Sultan and that the estate belonged to the Crown.^[5] The estate became state land when Singapore gained independence.

In 1904, the Sultan Hussein Ordinance was enacted to provide the descendants of Sultan Hussein with income derived from the Kampong Glam estate. The amount was capped at S$250,000 in 1991, revised by the government in 1999. Under the new scheme, the beneficiaries could opt either for a share of S$350,000 a year for 30 years or for a lump sum payment.

Residents still living in the Istana were resettled, as the building was to undergo conservation works. Until that time, the Istana had been the private residence for the Sultan's descendants.

Restoration

The Istana Kampong Glam and compounds were refurbished as part of the development of the Malay Heritage Centre in 2004. The Istana has been faithfully restored according to Coleman's design with special emphasis on its setting, retaining the compound, its walled enclosure and the road leading to the building. Timber and cement were used to replicate the interior flooring of the former building.

National Monument

The Istana Kampong Gelam was gazetted on 6 August 2015, the eve of Singapore's Golden Jubilee weekend, as a national monument.^[6]

References

^ Yeo Sam Jo (28 January 2016). "National monument plaque unveiled at Istana Kampong Gelam". www.straitstimes.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Preamble to the Sultan Hussain Ordinance (Cap. 382, 2000 Rev. Ed.).
^ Jane Beamish; Jane Ferguson (1 December 1985). A History of Singapore Architecture: The Making of a City. Graham Brash (Pte.) Ltd. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-9971947972.
^ History, Malay Heritage Centre, 2007, archived from the original on 13 October 2008, retrieved 17 October 2008
^ Tengku Mahmud vs. Tengku Ali, Straits Settlements Laws Report 1897 (Vol. 5)
^ hermes (1 August 2015). "Istana Kampong Gelam to be a national monument". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 September 2021.

National Heritage Board (2006), Discover Singapore – Heritage Trails, ISBN 981-05-6433-3
Tommy Koh et al. (2006), Singapore: The Encyclopedia, Editions Didier Millet and National Heritage Board, ISBN 981-4155-63-2