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Isa Gambar
Isa Gambar
İsa Qəmbər
	Gambar in 2016
President of Azerbaijan
	Acting
	In office; May 18, 1992 – June 17, 1992
Preceded by	Ayaz Mutallibov
Succeeded by	Abulfaz Elchibey
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan
	In office; May 18, 1992 – June 15, 1993
Preceded by	Yagub Mammadov
Succeeded by	Heydar Aliyev
Personal details
Born	İsa Yunis oğlu Qəmbər; February 24, 1957 (age 67); Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union (now Azerbaijan)
Political party	Müsavat
Spouse	Aida Bağırova
Children	2
Signature

Isa Yunis oghlu Gambar (Azerbaijani: İsa Yunis oğlu Qəmbər), also known as Isa Gambar (born February 24, 1957), is an Azerbaijani politician and leader of the Equality Party (Müsavat), one of the opposition blocs in Azerbaijan. He was elected a member of parliament in 1990 and was elected parliamentary speaker in 1992.

A prominent opposition figure in Azerbaijan, Gambar was blocked from contesting elections by Azerbaijani ruler Heydar Aliyev.^[1] Aliyev stripped Gambar of parliamentary immunity and had him arrested when he criticized Aliyev's power grab in 1993.^[1] Criticism from abroad led Aliyev's regime to release Gambar a few weeks later.^[1]

Gambar was a close associate of independent Azerbaijan's first freely elected president Abulfaz Elchibey who was ousted in a military coup.^[1]

During his time in parliament, Gambar worked with Elchibey to take the first steps to introducing market reforms in Azerbaijan.^[1]

Biography details

1974 Finished Baku High School No. 62
1979 - Graduated from the Faculty of History, Baku State University (BSU)
1979-1982 - Worked at the Nakhichivan Autonomous Republic Research Center
1982-1990 - Azerbaijan's Academy of Sciences Researched at the Institute of Oriental Studies
1989-1991 - Academy of Sciences and one of the founders and leaders of the Popular Front of Azerbaijan (PFA)
1990-1991 - Deputy chairman of PFA
1990 - Member of Parliament (MP)
1991-1992 - Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on Foreign Relations.
1992 - Elected baskan (chairman) by the Congress of Restoration Committee of Equality Party (Azerbaijan).
May 1992 - Elected parliamentary speaker
June 17, 1992 - Acting president (government title) of the Azerbaijan Republic. Prepared the country for a democratic election
June 15, 1993 - Resigned after overthrow of the democratically elected president of Azerbaijan
July 16, 1993 - Arrested by the rebel forces that seized power led by Heydar Aliyev
1999, 2001-2003 - Co-founder and chairman of the Democratic Congress that included Azerbaijan's leading political parties
2000 - Awarded the prize "A Friend of Journalists"
2003 - Single presidential candidate for the opposition electoral bloc “Bizim Azərbaycan” (“Our Azerbaijan”) that associated more than 30 parties.

Gambar is married and has two sons. His wife, Aida Bağırova, is a doctor of history, and a professor at Baku State University.^{[citation needed]}

2003 elections

Human Rights Watch commented on the 2003 elections:

Human Rights Watch research found that the government had heavily intervened in the elections campaign in favour of Prime Minister İlham Aliyev, son of the current President Heydar Aliyev. The government had stacked the Central Election Commission and local election commission with its supporters, and banned local non-governmental organizations from monitoring the vote. As the elections drew nearer, government officials have openly sided with the campaign of İlham Aliyev, constantly obstructing opposition rallies and attempting to limit public participation in opposition events. In some cases, local officials have closed all the roads into town during opposition rallies, or have extended working and school hours, in one case, even declaring a Sunday work day, to prevent participation in opposition rallies.^[2]

2011 protests

In his role as leader of Müsavat, Gambar has played a major part in spring 2011 demonstrations inspired by other protests throughout the Middle East. He and his party have organized protests, occasionally joining with fellow opposition groups like the Popular Front Party to rally in Baku despite a government ban and the steadfast efforts of security forces to disperse gatherings and arrest activists. "There is a criminal, authoritarian and corrupt regime in Azerbaijan, and the people of Azerbaijan no longer want to live under these conditions," Gambar told The New York Times.^[3] In early April, Ilkin Gambar, the opposition leader's son currently serving in the Azerbaijani Army, claimed on his Facebook page that he was being sent to the front lines in Azerbaijan's standoff with Armenia and that his father had been "warned" that this could be a result of his continuing involvement in protests. For his part, Isa Gambar said, "The Ministry of Defence has a right to place soldiers in any location at its disposal. So I don't want to politicize this issue."^[4]