Intégrales

Intégrales is a work for eleven wind and brass instruments and four percussionists by Edgard Varèse, written in 1923 and published in New York in 1925.[1] It was first performed on 1 March 1925, at the Aeolian Hall, New York City, at a concert organised by the International Composers' Guild (ICG). It was also the last piece played at the final concert ICG on 17 April 1927, also at the Aeolian Hall. This was contrary to the ICG policy of only performing a work once, a policy of which Varèse himself was the foremost proponent.[2]

Composition

Intégrales is an early example of Varèse's exploration of electronic music; although no electronic equipment is included in the arrangement, passages of Intégrales imitate the sound of reversed audio recordings, based on his experiments with phonograph records.[3] The composition was conceived for what Varèse termed "spatial projection", arranging specific acoustic elements in locations around the performance hall; while this was not technologically feasible at the time of premiere, Varèse hoped in the future to gain access to such equipment necessary for "realizing Intégrales as they were originally conceived."[4]

Instrumentation

Intégrales is scored for 2 piccolos, 1 oboe, 1 E-flat clarinet, 1 clarinet, 1 horn, 2 trumpets (one in D, one in C), 1 trombone, 1 bass trombone, 1 contrabass trombone, and 4 percussionists (suspended cymbal, snare drum, tenor drum and string drum; castanets, clash cymbals, and 3 wood blocks; sleigh bells, chains, tambourine, gong, and tam-tam; triangle, clash cymbals, bass drum, rute and slapstick).[5]

Reception

The premiere performance of Intégrales was reviewed positively by American music critic Lawrence Gilman:

Unlike Schönberg, he has broken completely with the musical past. ... Originality, to be sure, is not the goal of music. Yet it is something to be able to evolve music that pays tribute to no man.[6]

References

  1. ^ Kennedy, Michael (1990). "Intégrales". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 0193113201.
  2. ^ Lott, R. Allen (1983). ""New Music for New Ears": The International Composers' Guild". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 36 (2): 266–286. doi:10.2307/831066. ISSN 0003-0139. JSTOR 831066.
  3. ^ Griffiths, Paul (1978). A concise history of avant-garde music: from Debussy to Boulez. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 156. ISBN 0-19-520044-6. OCLC 3516412.
  4. ^ Strawn, John (1978). "The Intégrales of Edgard Varèse Space, Mass, Element, and Form". Perspectives of New Music. 17 (1): 138–160. doi:10.2307/832662. ISSN 0031-6016. JSTOR 832662.
  5. ^ "Edgard Varèse: Intégrales (1923–1925)" (work details) (in French and English). IRCAM.
  6. ^ Gilman, Lawrence (2 March 1925). "New Music by the Guild". New York Herald Tribune. p. 10.

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