International Classification of Headache Disorders

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society.[1] It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).[2] Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include quantities rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical and laboratory observations.[2]

The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.[3][4]

Hierarchy

Primary headaches

ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine

See also: ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine
Migraine without aura
Migraine with aura
Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
Retinal migraine
Complications of migraine
Migraine-triggered seizure
Probable migraine

ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)

Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
Frequent episodic tension-type headache
Chronic tension-type headache
Probable tension-type headache

ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

Cluster headache
Paroxysmal hemicrania
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia

ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches

Primary stabbing headache
Primary cough headache
Primary exertional headache
Primary headache associated with sexual activity
Hypnic headache
Primary thunderclap headache
Hemicrania continua
New daily persistent headache (NDPH)

Secondary headaches

ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma

Acute post-traumatic headache
Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Chronic post-traumatic headache
Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Acute headache attributed to whiplash injury
Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury
Headache attributed to traumatic intracranial haematoma
Headache attributed to epidural haematoma
Headache attributed to subdural haematoma
Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Post-craniotomy headache
Acute post-craniotomy headache
Chronic post-craniotomy headache

ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack[5]
Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
Headache attributed to transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
Headache attributed to intracerebral haemorrhage
Headache attributed to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation
Headache attributed to saccular aneurysm
Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula
Headache attributed to cavernous angioma
Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)
Headache attributed to arteritis
Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA)
Headache attributed to primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
Carotid or vertebral artery pain
Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection
Post-endarterectomy headache
Carotid angioplasty headache
Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures
Angiography headache
Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)
Headache attributed to benign angiopathy of the central nervous system
Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy

ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

Headache attributed to high cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes
Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus
Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Post-dural puncture headache
CSF fistula headache
Headache attributed to spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure
Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory disease
Headache attributed to neurosarcoidosis
Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis
Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease
Headache attributed to lymphocytic hypophysitis
Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm
Headache attributed to increased intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm
Headache attributed directly to neoplasm
Headache attributed to carcinomatous meningitis
Headache attributed to hypothalamic or pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
Headache attributed to intrathecal injection
Headache attributed to epileptic seizure
Hemicrania epileptica
Post-seizure headache
Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder

ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure
Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
Immediate NO donor-induced headache
Delayed NO donor-headache
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache
Carbon monoxide-induced headache
Alcohol-induced headache.
Immediate alcohol-induced headache
Delayed alcohol-induced headache
Headache induced by food components and additives
Monosodium glutamate-induced headache
Cocaine-induced headache
Cannabis-induced headache
Histamine-induced headache
Immediate histamine-induced headache
Delayed histamine-induced headache
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache
Immediate CGRP-induced headache
Delayed CGRP-induced headache
Headache as an acute adverse event attributed to medication used for other indications
Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure
Medication-overuse headache (MOH)
Ergotamine-overuse headache
Triptan-overuse headache
Analgesic-overuse headache
Opioid-overuse headache
Combination analgesic-overuse headache
Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications
Headache attributed to other medication overuse
Probable medication-overuse headache
Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication
Exogenous hormone-induced headache
Headache attributed to substance withdrawal
caffeine-withdrawal headache
opioid-withdrawal headache
Oestrogen-withdrawal headache
Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances

ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to infection

Headache attributed to intracranial infection
Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis
Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis
Headache attributed to encephalitis
Headache attributed to brain abscess
Headache attributed to subdural empyema
Headache attributed to systemic infection
Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
Headache attributed to systemic viral infection
Headache attributed to other systemic infection
Headache attributed to HIV/AIDS
Chronic post-infection headache
Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache

ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis

Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia
High-altitude headache
Diving headache
Sleep apnoea headache
Dialysis headache
Headache attributed to arterial hypertension
Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma
Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy
Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy
Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia
Headache attributed to eclampsia
Headache attributed to acute pressor response to an exogenous agent
Headache attributed to hypothyroidism
Headache attributed to fasting
Cardiac cephalalgia
Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis

ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures

Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone
Headache attributed to disorder of neck
Cervicogenic headache
Headache attributed to retropharyngeal tendonitis
Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia
Headache attributed to disorder of eyes
Headache attributed to acute glaucoma
Headache attributed to refractive errors
Headache attributed to heterophoria or heterotropia (latent or manifest squint)
Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder
Headache attributed to disorder of ears
Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis
Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures
Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses,

teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures

ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder

Headache attributed to somatization disorder
Headache attributed to psychotic disorder

Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches

ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain

ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847: Trigeminal neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Nervus intermedius neuralgia
Superior laryngeal neuralgia
Nasociliary neuralgia
Supraorbital neuralgia
Other terminal branch neuralgias
Occipital neuralgia
Neck-tongue syndrome
External compression headache
Cold-stimulus headache
Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
Optic neuritis
Ocular diabetic neuropathy
Head or facial pain attributed to herpes zoster
Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
Opthalamoplegic migraine
Central causes of facial pain
Anaesthesia dolorosa
Central post-stroke pain
Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosis
Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for atypical facial pain)
Burning mouth syndrome
Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain

ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain

Headache not elsewhere classified
Headache unspecified

References

  1. ^ Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). "The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition" (PDF). Cephalalgia. 24 (Supplement 1). Oxford, England, UK: Blackwell Publishing: 1–160. ISSN 0333-1024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b Olesen, Jes; Goadsby, Peter J.; Ramadan, Nabih M.; Tfelt-Hansen, Peter; Welch, K. Michael A. (2006). The Headaches (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–13. ISBN 0-7817-5400-3.
  3. ^ Website The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Retrieved 15. July 2018.
  4. ^ Kim, Byung-Kun; Cho, Soo-Jin; Kim, Byung-Su; Sohn, Jong-Hee; Kim, Soo-Kyoung; Cha, Myoung-Jin; Song, Tae-Jin; Kim, Jae-Moon; Park, Jeong Wook; Chu, Min Kyung; Park, Kwang-Yeol; Moon, Heui-Soo (January 2016). "Comprehensive Application of the International Classification of Headache Disorders Third Edition, Beta Version". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 31 (1): 106–113. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.1.106. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 4712567. PMID 26770045.
  5. ^ Oliveira, Felipe Araujo Andrade; Sampaio Rocha-Filho, Pedro Augusto (22 March 2019). "Headaches Attributed to Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack". Headache. 59 (3): 469–476. doi:10.1111/head.13478. ISSN 1526-4610. PMID 30667047.