The Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) is a global numerical weather prediction system jointly developed and maintained by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) based in Reading, England, and Météo-France based in Toulouse.[1] The version of the IFS run at ECMWF is often referred to as the "ECMWF" or the "European model" in North America, to distinguish it from the American Global Forecast System.
It comprises a spectral atmospheric model with a terrain-following vertical coordinate system coupled to a 4D-Var data assimilation system. In 1997 the IFS became the first operational forecasting system to use 4D-Var.[2] Both ECMWF and Météo-France use the IFS to make operational weather forecasts, but using a different configuration and resolution (the Météo-France configuration is referred to as ARPEGE). It is one of the predominant global medium-range models in general use worldwide; its most prominent rivals in the 6–10 day medium range include the American Global Forecast System (GFS), the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM and GDPS) and the UK Met Office's Unified Model.
ECMWF runs the IFS in several configurations. The highest resolution "HRES" configuration is run every 6 hours (00Z and 12Z out to 10 days, 06Z/18Z out to 90 hours) with a horizontal resolution of 9 km using 137 layers in the vertical.[3] The 51-member ensemble system "ENS" is also run every twelve hours out to 15 days and every 06Z/18Z out to 6 days with a horizontal resolution of 18 km and 137 layers in the vertical. The ECMWF also runs a coarser version of the IFS out 45 days; this version is run weekly, with output in five-day intervals. There is also a version that runs out one year. All model versions except HRES are coupled to the ocean model NEMO.
Many ECMWF member states use ECMWF global forecasts to provide boundary conditions for their own higher resolution, limited domain forecasts.[4] ECMWF forecasts are free to the national weather services of its member states, but a fee is charged to commercial users, while limited operational data (select variables from the HRES and ENS out ten days) is available direct to consumers under the noncommercial Creative Commons license prohibiting derivative works (CC-BY ND NC).[5] In contrast to the international organization's forecast, the output of many national weather services is usually freely licensed to all users.
The full IFS source code is available only to the national weather services of ECMWF member states,.[1] The source code for the atmosphere model is available to other non-commercial users in the form of the OpenIFS which requires a free license.[6] The EC-Earth climate model is based on the IFS.[7]
OpenIFS is not open-source despite the name. Its use requires a free OpenIFS license from ECMWF.
Serangan Fajar (1982) sebuah film perang dari Indonesia. Film perang adalah genre film yang berkaitan dengan perang, biasanya sekitar angkatan laut, angkatan udara atau angkatan darat, kadang-kadang fokus pada tawanan perang, operasi rahasia, pendidikan dan pelatihan militer atau topik terkait lainnya. Kadang film perang juga fokus pada kehidupan sehari-hari militer atau sipil dalam masa perang tanpa menggambarkan pertempuran. Kisah-kisah mereka mungkin fiksi, berdasarkan sejarah, dokumenter dra…
O casal Gates, fundador da instituição A Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates (também Gates Foundation - FG) é uma instituição filantrópica criada por Bill Gates, fundador e ex-presidente da Microsoft, e a ex-esposa, Melinda Gates. Os fundos desta organização sem fins lucrativos provêm de doações de privados, sendo as principais da parte de Bill e Melinda Gates e de Warren Buffet.[1] A instituição doa dinheiro para fundações universitárias no país, principalmente no setor de humanas…
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2009) CONCACAF countries on this map of the world's six football confederations. This is a list of top-division association football clubs in CONCACAF countries. CONCACAF is the football confederation that oversees the sport in North America, Central America and the Caribbean, including the South American countries of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.…
Location of Ukraine Ukraine is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe,[1] Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi),[2] making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world, and a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands, and it remains one of the world's largest grain exporters.[3…
الكتابة تُمثّل لُغة نصية عبر استخدام رسومات رمزية (حروف)، ويمكن بها توثيق النطق ونقل الفكَر والأحداث إلى رموز يمكن قراءتها حسب نموذج مخصص لكل لغة. بدأ الإنسان الكتابة عن طريق الرسم ثم تطورت هذه الرموز إلى أحرف لكي تختصر وقت الكتابة. لقد بدأ الإنسان الكتابة مستخدما الوسائل ال
باغ بير تقسيم إداري البلد إيران [1] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 35°50′00″N 51°03′00″E / 35.83333333°N 51.05°E / 35.83333333; 51.05 الارتفاع 1437 متر السكان التعداد السكاني 94 نسمة (إحصاء 2016) الرمز الجغرافي 33092 تعديل مصدري - تعديل باغ بیر هي قرية في مقاطعة كرج، إيران.[2 …
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2023) براق 85 بلد المنشأ فلسطين المصنع وحدة التصنيع في حركة سرايا القدس المدى العملياتي 85 كيلومترًا المستخدمون سرايا القدس تعديل مصدري - تعديل براق 85 هو صاروخ ف…
1979 mayoral election in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1979 Philadelphia mayoral election ← 1975 November 8, 1979 1983 → Turnout60%[1] 5 pp Nominee William J. Green III David W. Marston Lucien Blackwell Party Democratic Republican Consumer Popular vote 313,345 174,083 108,447 Percentage 52.59% 29.22% 18.20% Mayor before election Frank Rizzo Democratic Elected Mayor William J. Green III Democratic Elections in Pennsylvania Federal government U.S. President 1…
War memorial in Namibia Aerial view of Heroes´s Acre in 2017. Heroes' Acre is an official war memorial of the Republic of Namibia. Built into the uninhabited hills 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of the city centre of Windhoek, Heroes' Acre opened on 26 August 2002. It was created to foster a spirit of patriotism and nationalism, and to pass [this] to the future generations of Namibia.[1] The memorial was designed and built by Mansudae Overseas Projects, a North Korean firm.[2] …
الخريت بن راشد معلومات شخصية الميلاد 160 هـ - 776ممرو، بلاد ما وراء النهر الوفاة 22 ذو الحجة 242 هـ - 857مالربذة، الحجاز الديانة الإسلام عائلة بني تميم الحياة العملية المهنة قاضي القضاة تعديل مصدري - تعديل يحيى بن أكثم بن محمد بن قطن التميمي (160 هـ - 22 ذو الحجة 242 هـ - 776م - 857م): عالِم، …
Indian actor (1922 - 2021) For other people with the same name, see Chandrashekhar. ChandrashekharBornChandrashekhar Vaidya(1922-07-07)7 July 1922Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British IndiaDied16 June 2021(2021-06-16) (aged 98)Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaOccupation(s)ActorFilmmakerYears active1950–2000TelevisionRamayan (1987) Chandrashekhar Vaidya (7 July 1922[1][2] – 16 June 2021), known simply as Chandrashekhar, was an Indian actor and filmmaker working in the Bollywo…
Ratapan 4Ratapan 1:1 - 1:11 pada halaman pertama Kitab Ratapan dalam Codex Sinaiticus (330-350 M).KitabKitab RatapanKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen25← pasal 3 pasal 5 → Ratapan 4 (disingkat Rat 4) adalah bagian keempat dari Kitab Ratapan dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Digubah oleh nabi Yeremia bin Hilkia, pada waktu dimulainya kepergian orang Yehuda dalam Pembuangan ke Babel pada zaman raja Zedekia dari Keraj…
The history of Winona, Minnesota as a settlement begins with the foundation in 1851 in what was then Minnesota Territory on the West side of the Mississippi River.[1] The site was of the village of Keoxa of Dakota people.[2] The name Winona (Wee-no-nah) was noted to be the name of a first-born daughter in the local Dakota language.[2] The original plat of the city is located on a sand bar of the Mississippi River and surrounded by river bottoms and wooded bluff lands. Evi…
Hairstyle worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: excessive repetition. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article may be in need of reorganization to co…
Church in London , United KingdomSt. John's HoxtonSt. John the Baptistwith Christ Church, HoxtonWest door of St. John's HoxtonLocationHoxton, London N1CountryUnited KingdomDenominationChurch of EnglandWebsitestjohnshoxton.org.ukHistoryFounded1826Founder(s)The Haberdashers' CompanyDedicationSt John the BaptistDedicated1826ArchitectureArchitect(s)Francis EdwardsStyleNeo-classicalAdministrationProvinceCanterburyDioceseLondonParishSt John the Baptist with Christ Church, Hoxton[1]ClergyBishop…
2017 German filmLunaDirected byKhaled KaissarWritten by Ulrike Schölles Ali Zojaji Alexander Costea Produced by Khaled Kaissar Thomas Wöbke Tobias M. Huber Starring Lisa Vicari Carlo Ljubek Branko Tomović Benjamin Sadler CinematographyNamche OkonEdited byFlorian DuffeMusic by Christoph Zirngibl Heiko Maile Productioncompanies Kaissar Film Rat Pack Filmproduktion Release date June 29, 2017 (2017-06-29) Running time92 minutesCountryGermanyLanguagesGerman, Russian Luna (also title…
Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 1958 Dados Participantes 16 Local de disputa Argentina Período 23 de março – 28 de dezembro Campeão Racing Club (13º título) Vice-campeão Boca Juniors ◄◄ 1957 1959 ►► O Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 1958 foi a vigésima oitava temporada da era profissional da Primeira Divisão do futebol argentino. O certame foi disputado em dois turnos de todos contra todos, entre 23 de março e 28 de dezembro de 1958. O Racing Club sagrou-se campeã…
Iranian actor Babak HamidianHamidian at the 2014 Fajr International Film FestivalBorn1981 (age 41–42)Rasht, IranNationalityIranianYears active2004–presentSpouseMina Sadati Babak Hamidian (Persian: بابک حمیدیان; born 1981) is an Iranian actor.[1][2] He has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award, an Iran Cinema Celebration Award and two Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Awards. Filmography Film Year Title Role D…
Human settlement in EnglandUpper BeedingBeeding BridgeUpper BeedingLocation within West SussexArea18.77 km2 (7.25 sq mi) [1]Population3,798 [1] 2001 Census 3,763 (Census 2011)[2]• Density202/km2 (520/sq mi)OS grid referenceTQ193105• London43 miles (69 km) NCivil parishUpper BeedingDistrictHorshamShire countyWest SussexRegionSouth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townSTEYNINGPostcode…
Igbo soup This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (July 2022) Ofe Owerri is an Igbo delicacy in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. The soup is made with snails, beef,assorted meat and fishes.[1][2] Origin As the name implies the soup is popular amongst the people living in the capital of imo state, Owerri.[3] Overview The soup is one of the most…
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