Turkish and Acehnese guns, captured after the Dutch occupation of AcehOttoman fleet in the Indian Ocean 16th century
Relations with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey's predecessor state) began with the 16th century Ottoman expedition to Aceh, in with the response to the Aceh Sultanate's request for assistance against the Portuguese in Malacca.[3] In the 16th and 17th centuries, beside Aceh Sultanate, the Ottomans also established diplomatic and military ties with the Demak and Mataram[4]
Turkey's relations with the kingdoms in Indonesia (Archipelago) formally began when the then Sultan of Aceh Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahhar (1539–1571) sent an envoy to sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1564. Sultan Alauddin wanted to develop this relationship, both for efforts expulsion of colonial powers such as the Portuguese in Malacca, as well as to expand their power in Sumatra.[5][6]
After the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, his son Selim II ordered ships to be sent to Aceh. A number of soldiers, gunsmiths and engineers were sent on the Ottoman fleet's expedition to Aceh, along with ample supplies of weapons and ammunition. The first fleet was sent, consisting of 15 ships equipped with artillery. However, the fleet must be diverted to fight the rebellion in Yemen. So only two ships finally arrived in Aceh in 1566–1567, but many other fleets and shipments followed. The first expedition was led by Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis. The Acehnese paid for the shipment in pearls, diamonds and rubies.[7][8][9]
The Ottomans taught the Acehnese how to forge their own cannons, some of which reached quite large sizes. The craft of making such weapons had spread throughout the other Southeast Asian kingdoms.[7]
When the Aceh sultanate was attacked by the Dutch in 1873, which sparked the Aceh War, the Aceh sultanate requested protection from a previous agreement with the Ottoman Empire. Once again Aceh asked for military assistance from the Ottoman Empire, but the Ottoman fleet assigned to assist was diverted to Yemen because there was a Zaidi rebellion there.[11]
In 1883, the Ottomans opened a consulate in Batavia, marking the first formal relations on the island of Java.[12]
Modern Era
Turkiye recognized Indonesia on 29 December 1949. Diplomatic relations were established in 1950. Turkish Embassy in Jakarta was opened on 10 April 1957.[13]
This relationship continued on 24 April 1959, where President Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia had the opportunity to visit Ankara and visit Istanbul for the first time. At that time, President Sukarno was welcomed by Turkish President Celal Bayar.[14]
After decades of ambiguous relations between Indonesia and Türkiye. In August 1996, Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan visited Indonesia and was welcomed by President Soeharto. Marking a new era of relations between Indonesia and Türkiye. During this visit, Erbakan also visited the Indonesian Aerospace technology facilities in Bandung, and was welcomed by Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie who is the Indonesian Minister of Technology and Research at that time. Previously, Habibie had been Erbakan's old friend when they both studied mechanical engineering at RWTH Aachen.[15][16]
Erbakan was amazed at the progress of Indonesia's aerospace industry at that time as a fellow modern Muslim-majority country.[17] This condition was in line with Erbakan's thoughts in Millî Görüş, which sought to improve industrial and technological relations with fellow Muslim-majority countries. Furthermore, Erbakan tried to invite the Indonesian government to establish economic alliances with fellow Muslim-majority countries, this led to the founding of D-8 in 1997 which contained eight Muslim-majority developing countries.[18]
In April 2011, Turkish Prime Minister Abdullah Gül paid a state visit to Indonesia. The welcoming ceremony for PM Abdullah Gül was carried out with a state ceremony held at the Merdeka Palace, April 5, 2011. During the visit, bilateral talks between the two countries were held. Bilateral talks between President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and PM Abdullah Gül focused on follow-up as an effort to increase bilateral cooperation in various sectors. Two countries signed a strategic partnership, with Turkish PM Abdullah Gül declaring that "a new era is beginning with Indonesia."[19][13][20]
In 2017, President Joko Widodo paid a state visit to Ankara, Turkey. Indonesia and Turkey signed two agreements during President Joko Widodo's two-day visit to Turkey. The signing ceremony of the healthcare agreement and launching of economic negotiations to establish the Indonesia-Turkey Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IT-CEPA) witnessed by Jokowi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. President Jokowi's visit in 2017 was also to discuss the cooperation between Indonesia and Turkey in the field of strategic industrial development by carrying out joint development, both for the land and air dimensions, as well as other things. Other discussions also covered the issue of counter-terrorism which was the focus of the two countries.[21][22][21]
Entering the 2020s decade, relations between Türkiye and Indonesia are increasingly strengthening. Especially because of President Erdoğan's foreign policy towards Indonesia. The strengthening of this relationship is marked by several economic agreements such as the IT-CEPA economic agreement which has begun to be implemented. As well as increasing military and technology trade agreements between the Turkish and Indonesian governments. [23]
Following the 2004 Banda Aceh Tsunami, ties between the two countries strengthened, as Turkey provided extensive humanitarian aid, including building the Gampong Atjeh Istanbul settlement that gave shelter to disaster victims.[37][20] During the 2011 Van Earthquake, the Indonesian government provided humanitarian aid worth US$1 million to the Turkish government to help earthquake victims in the country. Assistance comes from ready-to-use funds managed by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB).[38]
At the time of the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami, the Istanbul-based Humanitarian Relief Foundation (IHH) said in a statement that its team rushed to Indonesia immediately after the earthquake occurred and provided emergency assistance to people affected by the disaster in Palu, Dongala and surrounding areas. The aid agency also provided food for 400 people and shelter for 500 people. IHH, which has continued to carry out relief operations in the area since the earthquake hit the island, sent food packages containing rice, cooking oil, flour, canned fish, sauce and sugar to 2,900 earthquake victims.[39][40]
During the 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake, General Chair of the Indonesian Red Cross and former Vice President Jusuf Kalla said he was ready to send Indonesian Red Cross volunteers to Turkey to help evacuate earthquake victims if needed.[41] After the earthquake, the Indonesian Islamic organization Muhammadiyah with its volunteer wing collaborated with the Indonesian Student Association in the Bursa and Izmir regions, went directly to the Aşık Veysel Park area, the largest refugee camp to observe and provide moral support and financial assistance to victims affected by the earthquake. For 3 days from Monday, November 2 to Wednesday, November 4, 2020, 20 Indonesian youths attended to help the victims.[42]
Indonesian government also ordered the lending of the Hercules C-130 transport plane and its crew to help with logistics in Turkey. The aircraft with a carrying capacity of 10 tons will continue to help with logistics transportation in Turkiye until March 2023. Making Indonesia the only country that lends planes for transportation and logistics in Turkey after the earthquake.[49][50] Further assistance from the Indonesian government departed on 21 February, with four planes carrying 78 tonnes of food, medicine, clothing and logistical equipment to Turkey.[51]
Defense cooperation
Second prototype Kaplan Medium Tank in February 2022
In the defense industry sector, Indonesia and Türkiye have begun to collaborate in developing a joint defense industry. This defense cooperation was realized by the joint development of the Kaplan medium tank, which was developed jointly between the defense companies of the two countries, FNSS from Turkey and Pindad from Indonesia.[52]
Turkish aerospace company, Turkish Aerospace Inc, often cooperates with the Assessment and Application of Technology Research Organization (BPPT) to conduct aerodynamics research. Turkish Aerospace Corporate Marketing and Communication Vice President, Tamer Ozmen said, the cooperation between the two parties had been going on since 2008. The collaboration began when developing the Anka unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) program. At that time, Turkish aerospace conducted an Anka UAV wind tunnel trial at the Indonesian Low Speed Tunnel (ILST) facility belonging to the BPPT Center for Aerodynamics, Aeroelastic and Aeroacoustic Technology (BBTA3).[53]
SognoAlbum studio karya Andrea BocelliDirilis6 April 1999GenreKlasikDurasi61:04LabelPhilipsKronologi Andrea Bocelli Hymn for the World 2(1998)Hymn for the World 21998 Sogno(1999) Sacred Arias(1999)Sacred Arias1999 Sogno merupakan sebuah album yang dirilis oleh Andrea Bocelli tahun 1999. Terjual lebih dari 10 juta kopi di seluruh dunia. Daftar lagu Canto Della Terra (Francesco Sartori, Lucio Quarantotto) – 4:02 The Prayer (with Celine Dion) (David Foster, Carole Bayer Sager) – 4:30 Sog...
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Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Oman (disambigua). Oman (dettagli) (dettagli) Oman - Localizzazione Dati amministrativiNome completoSultanato dell'Oman Nome ufficialeسلطنة عُمان Lingue ufficialiarabo CapitaleMascate (1.310.826 ab. / 2015) PoliticaForma di governoMonarchia assoluta di carattere islamico (Sultanato) SultanoHaytham bin Ṭāriq bin Taymūr Āl Saʿīd Capo di GovernoFahd bin Maḥmūd Āl Saʾīd Indipendenza751 dagli ...
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Zeppelin (homonymie). Le Zeppelin est un dirigeable à coque rigide (ici en construction en Allemagne, près du lac de Constance, en 1928). Le LZ 126 en approche d'amarrage dans le New Jersey en 1924. Un zeppelin est un aérostat de type dirigeable rigide, de fabrication allemande ; dans la langue usuelle, le mot « zeppelin » peut désigner, par extension, n’importe quel type de ballon dirigeable. C'est le comte allemand Ferdinand von Zepp...
Diletta Crespi Nazionalità Italia Altezza 174 cm Peso 60 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Carriera Giovanili 1997-2001 Don Orione2002-2006 A.D. Decimum Lazio Squadre di club1 2006-2008 Eurospin Torres39 (3)2008-2011 Firenze45 (12)2010 Bardolino Verona0 (0) Nazionale 2005 Italia U-17? (?)2006-200? Italia U-1917 (2)2007 Italia3 (0) Palmarès Europei di calcio femminile Under-19 Oro Francia 2008 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole pa...
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Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Eugenio GuariscoNazionalità Italia Calcio RuoloPortiere CarrieraSquadre di club1 1927-1931 Canottieri Lecco? (-?)1931-1935 Comense95 (-?)1935-1936 Novara8 (-15) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento ...
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