India sanctions

India has historically and largely not supported sanctions imposed by individual countries.[1][2] The Government of India has largely supported United Nations sanctions.[1] India has also been warned with sanctions, imposed with them, and has also imposed and threatened its own.[1]

Sanctions imposed by India

Countries

Country Period Summary
South Africa South Africa 1946–1993 India was the first country to sanction South Africa for the apartheid.[3]
Fiji Fiji 1989–1999 Following deterioration of diplomatic ties India imposed a trade embargo.[4]


Sanctions against India

Sanctioning Country/Entity (s) Period Summary
Canada Canada 1974 Following 1974 nuclear tests Canada sanctioned nuclear expertise and equipment support.[5]
Multiple countries United States United States 1998–1999 United States imposed sanctions as required by law following 1998 nuclear tests.[6] Sanctions imposed by the United States were weakened through exceptions and lifted within a year.[7]
Japan Japan 1998–2001 Sanctions including the stoppage of loan aid.[8][9][10]
~12 countries – Around 14 countries adopted some form of individual sanction or another following the 1998 nuclear tests with marginal effect.[11][7] Collective sanctions could not gather the required support.[12]
United States United States 1992–2011 Indian Space Research Organisation was sanctioned for sections of its space program.[13][14]
Pakistan Pakistan 2019 Sanctions such as closure of airspace for all Indians following 2019 Balakot airstrike.[15]

References

  1. ^ a b c Chauhan, Rishika (15 December 2014). "Decoding India's Stand on International Sanctions". Center for the Advanced Study of India (CASI). Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ^ "Global Sanctions Guide - India". Eversheds Sutherland.
  3. ^ "India-South Africa Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs.
  4. ^ Group, Taylor & Francis (29 July 2004). Europa World Year. Taylor & Francis. p. 1628. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ Perkovich, George (2001). India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation. University of California Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-520-23210-5.
  6. ^ Wagner, Alex. "Bush Waives Nuclear-Related Sanctions on India, Pakistan". Arms Control Association. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  7. ^ a b Morrow, Daniel; Carriere, Michael (Fall 1999). "The Economic Impacts of the 1998 Sanctions on India and Pakistan" (PDF). The Nonproliferation Review.
  8. ^ Burns, John F. (14 May 1998). "India Sets Off 2 More Nuclear Blasts; U.S. and Japan Impose Sanctions". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Japan lifts India, Pakistan sanctions". CNN. 26 October 2001. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  10. ^ "Japan lifts sanctions on India, Pak". The Tribune India. PTI. 26 October 2001. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  11. ^ Synnott, Hilary (2020). The Causes and Consequences of South Asia's Nuclear Tests. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-06308-4.
  12. ^ Nayar, Baldev Raj (2001). India and the Major Powers After Pokharan II. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-81-241-0799-7.
  13. ^ Laxman, Srinivas (6 January 2014). "US sanctions on India: India overcame US sanctions to develop cryogenic engine". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Sanctions off; NASA lab asks ISRO to partner for moon mission". The Economic Times. PTI. 13 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  15. ^ Khanna, Ambika (30 April 2020). "Devising an Indian policy on Sanctions for Pakistan". Gateway House. Retrieved 25 February 2022.