In graph theory, a vertex is incident with an edge if the vertex is one of the two vertices the edge connects.
An incidence is a pair ( u , e ) {\displaystyle (u,e)} where u {\displaystyle u} is a vertex and e {\displaystyle e} is an edge incident with u {\displaystyle u}
Two distinct incidences ( u , e ) {\displaystyle (u,e)} and ( v , f ) {\displaystyle (v,f)} are adjacent if and only if u = v {\displaystyle u=v} , e = f {\displaystyle e=f} or u v = e {\displaystyle uv=e} or f {\displaystyle f} .
An incidence coloring of a graph G {\displaystyle G} is an assignment of a color to each incidence of G in such a way that adjacent incidences get distinct colors. It is equivalent to a strong edge coloring of the graph obtained by subdivising each edge of G {\displaystyle G} once.
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