Hélène Gordon-Lazareff

Hélène Gordon-Lazareff
Born
Hélène Gordon

(1909-09-21)21 September 1909
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Died16 February 1988(1988-02-16) (aged 78)
Le Lavandou, France
Resting placePère Lachaise Cemetery, Paris
Alma materSorbonne, Paris
Occupation(s)Fashion journalist;
ethnologist (early)
Known forFounder of Elle
Notable workEditor at Paris-soir, Marie Claire, The New York Times,
Harper's Bazaar
Height1.58 m (5 ft 2 in)[1]
TitleChief executive and editor-in-chief of Elle France (1945–1972)
Spouses
  • Jean-Paul Raudnitz
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1928; div. 1931)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1939; died 1972)​
Children1
Signature
Hélène Gordon-Lazareff

Hélène Gordon-Lazareff (French: [elɛn gɔʁdɔ̃ lazaʁɛf]; born Hélène Gordon,[2] 21 September 1909 – 16 February 1988) was a journalist born in Russia to a wealthy Jewish family and Paris-raised who founded Elle magazine in 1945.

After working in ethnology, she became an editor at The New York Times and Harper's Bazaar. Subsequently, she formed an influential couple in Paris with her husband, Pierre Lazareff, founder of France-Soir. Gordon-Lazareff is credited with discovering Brigitte Bardot.

Early life

Hélène Gordon-Lazareff was born into an upper-class Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, on 21 September 1909.[3][4] Her father, Boris Gordon, born in Rostov-on-Don in 1881, married Élisabeth Skomarovski.[3] Boris was a tobacco industry magnate and owner of a paper factory, a printing house, and Préazosvki Kraï Novosti newspaper.[3][4] Press historian and biographer Claire Blandin said her father was "a wealthy and cultured businessman".[2] Hélène had a sister, Émilie, who was born in 1903.[3]

The family fled to France to escape the Bolshevik Revolution.[4] Her father had transferred the funds to France and abroad and was the first to escape to Italy, accompanied by his mistress.[3] Around the end of 1917, Hélène, Émilie, and their mother Élisabeth left Russia on a luxury train that took them towards the Black Sea,[3] and then they reached Istanbul, Turkey.[3][4] During the travel, they cut Hélène's long hair to avoid attracting eye contact from the Bolsheviks. She would subsequently always wear short hair.[3] The three then found Boris in Paris.[3]

They settled in Paris in early 1920.[2][3] Her parents were separated at this point.[2] She was closer to her father, an ambitious man, who had also organised their escape, even though he had found another woman.[3] Blandin said Gordon-Lazareff was a "Spoiled child traumatized by exile, fascinated by power."[2]

Gordon-Lazareff attended Victor-Duruy High School and College in Paris.[5] Blandin commented that she was a "great reader" and "an excellent student".[2]

Subsequently, she studied ethnology at the Sorbonne in Paris.[3] When she was a student of ethnology, Gordon-Lazareff spent time with surrealists such as Philippe Soupault, who dedicated a poem to her.[4]

In the early 1930s, Gordon-Lazareff, a young divorced mother,[3] graduated from the Institute of Ethnology.[6]

Career

Gordon-Lazareff began her career as an ethnologist.[3][6][7] She participated in the 1935 Sahara-Sudan ethnographic expedition, which Marcel Griaule led. She mainly investigated totemism and women in Dogon country.[6][8] She lived for two months with an African tribe.[7] Upon her return, Gordon-Lazareff published her first travelogue in L'Intransigeant.[4] It was during this period that she met Pierre Lazareff at the home of the explorer Paul-Émile Victor.[4]

Little interested in scientific journals, she turned to mainstream journalism in the 1930s,[3][6] writing the children's page for Paris-soir under the pseudonym of Tante Juliette (Aunt Juliette).[9][10] She was a journalist at Marie Claire.[7][9][11]

After the outbreak of World War II, she left Paris for New York City with her husband [Pierre] Lazareff, director of Paris-soir.[5] Gordon-Lazareff was easily integrated into journalist circles in New York because of her perfect English.[12][10] She became an editor of the women's page of The New York Times after working for Harper's Bazaar.[4][12][13] Her husband worked for Voice of America[5] and the French section of OWI.[7]

A black and white image of a Parisian building
Façade of the building at No. 100 on the street Réaumur, Paris, photographed during the Occupation in 1941

She returned to Paris in 1944, a couple of weeks after the Liberation.[5] She began her own fashion magazine and used her experience after working for American media.[13]

A year later, the first issue of Elle magazine was published "on paper so coarse and yellow that it reminded her of French bread".[13] Gordon-Lazareff founded Elle in 1945 in Paris.[4][14] She had set up the Elle offices two floors above those of France-Soir, at No. 100 of street Réaumur [fr] in Paris.[1] Colour photography and flash were not yet the norm in Post-War France, and the first covers of Elle were thus photographed in Manhattan. She had borrowed French accessories, including 15 "chic" Lilly Daché hats for these covers.[7]

Between 1945 and 1965, she "spotted everything that sparkled".[12] Editorial writer Michèle Fitoussi said she was "more of a journalist who had a lot of flair than a feminist".[1] Elle's motto was then: "seriousness in frivolity and irony in graveness".[12]

In 1946, Gordon-Lazareff hired journalist Françoise Giroud to be the managing editor of Elle, a position she held until 1953.[15] In her book, Profession Journaliste, Giroud describes Gordon-Lazareff as "a brilliant, young woman".[16]

In 1949,[1] she met a 15-year-old stranger named Brigitte Bardot on a station platform and simply told her, "Call me". Before her first film, Bardot became Elle's main model who presented junior fashion.[12] Elle launched Bardot's career.[17]

In 1958, she collaborated with Galeries Lafayette to create a clothing line under the Elle brand.[17]

In 1966, the director of Neiman Marcus stores presented Gordon-Lazareff with a Fashion Award and stated that she "is the person who has the most influence on what women wear in Europe and the United States".[12]

Pierre Hedrich of L'Obs described Gordon-Lazareff as a "lively woman, always in a Chanel skirt suit set, seductive and authoritative, who puts her feet on her desk and drinks tea all day long".[12] Alix Girod de l'Ain, a former journalist for Elle, would later explain that "Hélène Lazareff is not a feminist. She can't stand women in pants. She won't understand May 68."[12] The French social movements of May 1968 shook Gordon-Lazareff's authority within the editorial staff.[2]

Gordon-Lazareff was editor-in-chief of Elle until 1972.[9][18] She left office in September 1972.[11][19]

At Georges Pompidou's request, the Hachette Group paid Gordon-Lazareff her full salary as chief executive of Elle magazine until her death.[17]

Le Monde wrote in 1988 that she was "one of the great figures of the French press after the Liberation".[4]

Sunday lunches in Louveciennes

A commemorative plaque
Commemorative plaque in Louveciennes. It indicates that the couple "animated this property la Grille Royale" from 1952 to 1972

Every Sunday at 1 p.m., Gordon-Lazareff and her husband, Pierre, hosted artists, actors, politicians and writers for lunch at their property,[12] called la Grille Royale (the Royal Grid) in Louveciennes, Yvelines.[17]

The twenty seats at the table were considered "prized", and a list of high-profile personalities would come there by helicopter or sedan, including Harry Belafonte, Habib Bourguiba, Marlon Brando, Maria Callas, Marlene Dietrich, Johnny Hallyday, Henry Kissinger, Martin Luther King, and Aristotle Onassis. Juliette Gréco said, "It was very important to be invited to Louveciennes."[12]

Bardot, Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet, Jacques Delors and Romain Gary were regulars at Sunday lunches at the home of the "influential couple" and "unmissable tandem of All-Paris" that Gordon-Lazareff and her husband formed.[17] François Mitterrand, Jeanne Moreau, Pompidou, Françoise Sagan and Pierre Salinger were also regulars.[17]

General de Gaulle was never invited but insisted that the list of guests from the previous Sunday be communicated to him every Monday morning.[17]

Sunday lunches at la Grille Royale were a crucial source of information and influence for Gordon-Lazareff and her husband.[17]

Personal life

She was nineteen when she married[17] Jean-Paul Raudnitz, a chemical engineer, in 1928.[3] The two did not get along, and Raudnitz could not cope financially with Hélène's lifestyle, and they divorced after three years.[3] She had a daughter, Michèle Rosier, from this first marriage.[20]

She married [Pierre] Lazareff, founder of France-Soir, in April 1939 in Paris.[5] When she lived in New York, she had numerous extramarital affairs, which only drove her husband to despair.[17] Nina Lazareff was Pierre's adopted daughter.[21]

Suffering from Alzheimer's disease, Gordon-Lazareff experienced increasing difficulties after the death of her husband in 1972.[2]

Death

On 16 February 1988, Gordon-Lazareff died at her property in Le Lavandou. She was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Mallaval, Catherine (19 November 2005). "'Elle' était une fois" ['Elle' once upon a time.]. Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Bloch-Lainé, Virginie (16 August 2023). "Une biographie d'Hélène Gordon-Lazareff: diva de la presse" [A biography of Hélène Gordon-Lazareff: press diva]. Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Blandin, Claire (2023). Hélène Gordon-Lazareff (in French). Paris: Fayard. pp. 1918, 1920–1924, 1929–1931. ISBN 978-2-2137-2328-0.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "La disparition d'Hélène Gordon-Lazareff La 'tsarine' de la presse féminine" [The disappearance of Hélène Gordon-Lazareff The 'tsarina' of the women's press]. Le Monde (in French). 18 February 1988. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e Ory, Pacal; Blanc-Chaléard, Marie-Claude (2013). Dictionnaire des étrangers qui ont fait la France [Dictionary of foreigners who made France] (in French). Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont. p. 614. ISBN 978-2-2211-4016-1.
  6. ^ a b c d "Hélène Gordon". National Library of France (in French). n.d. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e "The Press: Not So Chichi". Time. 3 December 1945. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Sahara-Soudan (1935)". National Library of France (in French). n.d. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Thérenty, Marie-Eve (2019). Femmes de presse, femmes de lettres − De Delphine de Girardin à Florence Aubenas [Women of the press, women of letters − From Delphine de Girardin to Florence Aubenas] (in French). Paris: CNRS editions. p. 264. ISBN 978-2-2711-2913-0.
  10. ^ a b Weiner, Susan (2001-05-09). Enfants Terribles: Youth and Femininity in the Mass Media in France, 1945-1968. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801865398.
  11. ^ a b Feyel, Gilles (2023). La presse en France des origines à nos jours. Histoire politique et matérielle [The press in France from its origins to the present day. Political and material history] (in French) (3 ed.). Paris: Editions Ellipses. ISBN 978-2-3400-8290-8. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hedrich, Pierre (12 July 2016). "'Elle': Et Hélène Lazareff inventa le mag féminin nouvelle génération" ['Elle': And Hélène Lazareff invented the new generation women's magazine]. L'Obs (in French). Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  13. ^ a b c "Magazines: Si Elle Lit Elle Lit Elle". Time. 22 May 1964. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  14. ^ "Defending Fashion". Forbes. 31 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  15. ^ Ivry, Benjamin (27 January 2003). "French journalist leaves her mark". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Magazine history: And Lazareff created French Elle". It's OK for intellectual feminists to like fashion.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gaston-Breton, Tristan; Garnier, Pascal (11 July 2014). "Hélène et Pierre Lazareff, un couple d'influence" [Hélène and Pierre Lazareff, an influential couple]. Les Echos (in French). Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek" [Catalog of the German National Library]. German National Library (in German). n.d. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  19. ^ "Hélène Gordon-Lazareff (1909-1988)". National Library of France (in French). n.d. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  20. ^ Couston, Jérémie (4 May 2016). "Michèle Rosier, l'inconnue du cinéma français" [Michèle Rosier, the stranger of French cinema]. Télérama (in French). French Cinematheque. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024. [Michèle was 9 years old when her mother, the journalist Hélène Gordon-Lazareff, recently divorced from the father of her child, remarried Pierre Lazareff.]
  21. ^ Williams, Yseult [in French] (2015). Impératrices de la mode [Empresses of fashion] (in French). Paris: La Martinière Groupe. p. 104. ISBN 978-2-7324-7237-9.

Sources