Between 1910 and 1911, Hussein Kuli Khan Nawab was Persian foreign minister. On October 16, 1910, the British government delivered an ultimatum to the Persian government to secure the Persian Gulf trade routes within three months, or else a 1,000- to 1,200-man police force under British-Indian leadership would intervene there, financed by a ten percent increase in import duties in Persian ports and Fars Province.[2] He responded on this threat to restrict the Persian sovereignty by politely pointing out that despite the alleged insecurity of trade routes, the volume of imports into Persia had increased by ten percent in the previous year. The operation led to the creation of the Persian Gendarmerie.[2]
^Ṣāliḥ, ʻAlī (1976). Cultural ties between Iran and the United States. Her Imperial Majesty's National Committee for the American Revolution Bicentennial. East West Understanding Press.
^ abBehind the veil in Persia. English documents. C. L. van Langenhuysen, Amsterdam 1917, pp. 19–20 (pp. 19–20 archive.org).
^Morgan Shuster, The Strangling of Persia. New York 1912.
^F. Meiner (1918), Der Europäische Krieg in aktenmäßiger Darstellung (in German).
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