A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram.[1] The Husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad.[2] They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.[3]
امام باڑہ (imāmbāṛā) امام بارگاہ (imāmbārgāh) عاشور خانہ (āshurxānā) حسينيہ (huseyniya)
A husayniyya is different from a mosque. The name comes from Husayn ibn Ali, the third of the Twelve Imams and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husayn was martyred at the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 CE on the orders of Yazid ibn Muawiya. The Shia commemorate his martyrdom every year on Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram.[4] There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in husayniyyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.[5] and may not necessarily hold jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer).
In South Asia, a husayniyya can also be referred to as an imambara, imambargah, or ashurkhana. It is also often called a takyeh in Iran and takyakhana in Afghanistan (see takya). In Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, as well as in other Gulf States
it is called a ma'tam (Arabic: مأتم).
History
From the time of the Safavid dynasty was ruling Iran, when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the hoseyniyehs and also takyehs became commonplace.[6] Any hoseyniyeh had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many alleys and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights... From the age of Zand dynasty, many bigger and vaster takyeh(s) was made just to hold ta'zieh, where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of ta'zieh.[7] Expense of the husayniyya is provided by Charitable donations and endowments.[8][9]
Hussainiya was used during Muharram, Safar, and Ramadan for mourning, Rawda Khwani, Sineh Zani (a Customary form of mourning ceremony which shows their grief with chest-beating).[10] Also, Hussainiya is a place for accommodations of passengers[11] and pilgrims and feeding the poor.[1]
Since husayniyya serves as a focal point for Shi’i gathering, it also plays a very significant role in consolidation of religious identity specially for Shi’i population in diaspora.[12]
Notable husayniyyas
A historic image from Zanjan azam Hussainiya in IranA husayniyya in IranImambara Wazeer Un Nisa in Amroha, India
Imambargah Bait Aal e Imran, in Kotla Arab Ali Khan, Gujrat, Pakistan. The site was donated by Choudhary Ghulam Hassan, a sunni by birth, and his wife in 1979.
^Zoka, Yahya. History of Royal Citadel in Tehran and guide to Golestan Palace, (تاریخچه ساختمانهای ارگ سلطنتی تهران و راهنمای کاخ گلستان), vol 1. p. 283.
^The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in Persian, V 5, P 340
^Ansari Qomi. Iran's endowments in Iraq, ( موقوفات ايرانيان در عراق), vol 2. pp. 74–82.
.jpg)
