Hungarian Braille

Hungarian Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Hungarian alphabet
LanguagesHungarian
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
  • Hungarian Braille

The braille alphabet used to write Hungarian is based on the international norm for the 27 basic letters of the Latin script. However, the letters for q and z have been replaced, to increase the symmetry of the accented letters of the Hungarian alphabet, which are largely innovative to Hungarian braille.[1][2]

Alphabet

The Hungarian alphabet is:

A Á B C Cs D Dz Dzs E É F G Gy H I Í J K L Ly M N Ny O Ó Ö Ő P (Q) R S Sz T Ty U Ú Ü Ű V (W) (X) (Y) Z Zs

The letters that conform to traditional braille are:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y

The accented vowel letters are derived from their base letters through stretching or reflection as follows. The traditional letter for q (which is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet) has been reassigned to ö, and an unused pattern has been assigned to ü:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ö
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
ü
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
q
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
ä
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)
á
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
é
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
í
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ó
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ő
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ú
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ű

This creates the following symmetrical pattern for the umlauted vowels:

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ö
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ő
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
ü
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ű

(Ä is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet.)

The consonant digraphs are derived from their base letters as follows. The traditional letter for z has been replaced, and is used for a parenthesis. As with the accented vowels, the majority of digraphs are created through reflection:

⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
z
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
cs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
gy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
ly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
ny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
sz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zs
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ccs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
ggy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
lly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
nny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
tty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
ssz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zzs

This creates the following pattern among the sibilants:

⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
sz
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
z
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zs

Dz and Dzs are treated as D-Z and D-Zs respectively.

Punctuation

Unlike English or French Braille, Hungarian Braille has separate opening and closing symbols for both parentheses and quotation marks.

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
.
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 :
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
-
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
'
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
 ?
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 !
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
„ ... ”
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)...⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
( ... )
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
/

Mathematics and computer notation

⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)
number sign (#)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
Dollar sign ($)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
percent sign (%)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
ampersant (&)
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
plus sign (+)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
asterisk / multiplication sign (*)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
division sign (/)
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
equality sign (=)
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
at sign (@)
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
backslash (\)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
caret (^)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
underscore (_)
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)
`
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
tilde / similarity sign (~)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
paragraph sign (§)
⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
euro (€)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
bullet sign (•)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
degree (°)

Roman Numerals

the roman numerals use the capital letters of i, v, x, l, c, m

⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
I
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
II
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
III
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
IV
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
V
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VIII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
IX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
X
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
XX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
XXX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XXXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
XL
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XLI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
L
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
LI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
LX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
LXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
C
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
CI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
M
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
MI

Formatting

⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
(num.)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
(caps)

References