A 1,300-year-old olive oil factory, of mason-worked blocks, was unearthed in Hod HaSharon. According to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the size of the press suggested it was meant for commercial production, rather than local or personal use."[6]
In 1964, Hod HaSharon was created through a merger of Magdiel with Hadar Ramatayim, an administrative body which encompassed the former moshavot of Ramatayim, Hadar and Ramat Hadar.[8] Hod Hasharon was governed by a local council until it was declared a city in April 1990.[9]
Magdiel
Magdiel was founded on 2 August 1924, by a group of twelve Ashkenazi families. They received a plot of land from Yehoshua Hankin, which they cultivated and prepared for farming.[9] Magdiel was established as a moshava, starting on 4,000 dunams of land purchased near the Arab village of Biyar 'Adas. The initial population included Jewish immigrants from Russia, Poland and Lithuania, later joined by a group from the Netherlands.[10]
Ramatayim
Atidim park
Ramatayim was founded in July 1925 by immigrants from Poland.[3] It was founded on the principle of private initiative. Ramatayim was built on two hills connected by a valley, hence the name Ramatayim, literally 'two hills'.[9] According to a census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities, Ramatayim had a population of 180, in 31 houses.[11] In 1949, Ramatayim became the first local council to be established in Israel.[8]
Hadar
Hadar was established in 1927 by Yael Leah Eichhorn, a middle-class immigrant from Eastern Europe, who was joined soon thereafter by a group of Italian Jews.[3] The land was purchased from the Abou KishkBedouin tribe. The pioneers decided to build a rural settlement founded on citrus farming (hence the village's name, "Hadar", Hebrew for "citrus"). In its early years, the farmers of Hadar also engaged in poultry farming. According to the 1931 census, Hadar had 71 inhabitants, all Jews, in 23 houses.[11] In the early 1940s, Yemenite immigrants moved to Hadar, establishing the Shikun Hateymanim quarter, today part of the Gannei Tzvi neighborhood.[9] In 1951, Ramatayim and Hadar merged to form Hadar Ramatayim.[3] In April 1956, the boundaries of Hadar Ramatayim were extended to include the ma'abara of Ganei Tzvi, established in the end of 1948 Arab–Israeli War as Kfar Nitzahon, and renamed earlier in 1956 after Lord Harry (Tzvi) Morris of Kenwood, a major donor of the Jewish National Fund.[12][13]
Ramat Hadar
Ramat Hadar was established in December 1938 by middle-class immigrants fleeing from Nazi Germany, members of the Fifth Aliyah.[3] Ramat Hadar was built on a hill south of Hadar, near the main road from Petah Tikva to Ramatayim (nowadays road 402). The economy of Ramat Hadar was based on small farms, mainly poultry,[9] as well as citrus orchards. Ramat Hadar had its own post office from 1959 til 1989. In 1963, Ramat Hadar became part of Hadar Ramatayim.[8]
Ramatayim 1942 1:20,000
Hadar 1942 1:20,000
Ramatayim 1945
Hadar 1945 1:250,000
Demographics
In 2006, the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.9% Jewish, with no significant Arab population. The population density of Hod HaSharon is the lowest in the Sharon Plain.[9] The population growth rate in 2006 was 3.3%.[4] According to the CBS, as of 2005[update], there were 18,612 salaried workers and 2,006 are self-employed in the city.[4]
Schools and religious institutions
Magdiel Great synagogueSharonim mall
According to the CBS, there are 18 schools and 8,083 students in the city:
12 elementary schools: The Democratic School, HaMagen, Yigal Alon, Lapid, Shilo, Mamlachti Alef, Neve Ne'eman, Rabin, Re'ut, Tali, Ha'Yarok in the name of Ariel Sharon, and Begin (4,406 students).
4 middle schools: HaRishonim, HaShachar, Atidim and Tzurim (1,628 students). A fifth middle school, HaShkimim opened in 2018.
5 high schools: Hadarim, Alexander Muss High School in Israel, Ramon, Mosenson and Na'amat (2,049 students). A sixth high school named HaShikmim was opened in 2021.
71.7% of the city's 12th graders were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.[4]
Hod HaSharon is roughly bounded by Highway 531 in the north, Highway 40 in the east, Highway 5 in the south and Highway 4 in the west. Road 402 runs through the city. The city is served by two railway stations, Hod HaSharon Sokolov and Kfar Sava Nordau at its north border, right next to Highway 531. Line M1 of the Tel Aviv Metro, that is expected to be built in the 2030-s, is expected to pass through Western Hod HaSharon.
Hod Hasharon Park
Hod Hasharon Park is a park in southern Hod Hasharon. The park contains a hill, which was formerly used as the municipal landfill of Hod Hasharon, and is now used as a hiking and observation area of the park. From the top of the hill, one can see Hod Hasharon, the settlements of the Drom HaSharon Regional Council, Tel Aviv, Herzliya and Samaria.
Near the hill, the largest ecological lake in Israel was established, with an area of around 27,000m2. Near the lake, there is a variety of waterfowl, herons, geese, ducks and songbirds. In the water. African softshell turtles, nutria and fish of various types have been observed.
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