Higher education in Denmark is offered by a range of universities, university colleges, business academies and specialised institutions. The national higher education system is in accordance with the Bologna Process, with bachelor's degrees (first cycle, three years), master's degrees (second cycle, two years) and doctoral degrees (third cycle, three years). The majority of higher education institutions are the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science; however, some higher education institutions within the arts are the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture.[1]
System
Admission
The general entry requirement for acceptance to higher education is a Danish upper secondary school leaving certificate or equivalent. Individual programmes also have specific entry requirements, such as mathematics at a specific level, and language requirements in Danish or English or both. Admission at first cycle programmes in Denmark is coordinated centrally by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science.[2] Admission to master's programmes and doctoral programmes is done at each individual university.
Structure and grading
Higher education in Denmark is structured according to the ECTS. A normal study progression awards 60 ECTS-points per year (30 per semester), most institutions use a block system of either 5, 7.5 or 10 ECTS-points. Academic grading in Denmark is done according to the 7-point grading scale (Danish: 7-trins-skalaen), equalling the seven grades in the ECTS grading scale.[3]
Institutions
Institutions of higher education in Denmark are divided into five categories: business academies, university colleges, institutions in architecture and art, maritime educational institutions and universities.
Universities
There are eight state-recognized and funded universities in Denmark, offering research-based education and awarding bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.[4] Below the list of these universities in chronological order of established:
There are nine business academies (Danish: erhvervsakademi) in Denmark offering two-year academy profession programmes and, to a lesser extent, professional bachelor's degrees:[21]
IBA International Business Academy, Kolding (1991–)[22]
There are no tuition fees for attending public higher education in Denmark, as all costs are covered by the Danish state. Citizens of EU and EEA countries have equal rights and do not pay tuition fee to study at public institutions of higher education in Denmark.
Students are also given the opportunity to apply for financial support from the State Educational Grant and Loan Scheme, normally referred to as "SU" (Statens Uddannelsesstøtte). Foreign citizens may apply for equal status with Danish citizens and thus be approved to receive SU.[27]
International rankings
Below are shown the international rankings of the government supported research universities of Denmark,[4] and the number of times they rank in the top 200 of one of the six prominent global rankings:
Notes:
A dash (–) indicates not applicable (N/A) a Number of times the university is ranked within the top 200 of one of the six global rankings. b The university is ranked within the top 150 of all six global rankings. c The university is ranked within the top 100 of all six global rankings.
^In 2007, the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University was merged into the University of Copenhagen.
^The Pharmaceutical College was founded in 1892 by the chemist Christian D.A. Hansen. The school was originally located on Stockholmsgade but outgrew its premises in the late 1930s. In 1942, the Pharmaceutical College moved into a new building at University Park and changed its name to the Danish Pharmaceutical College.
^In 2007, Aarhus School of Business was merged into Aarhus University.
^In 2003, the Danish Pharmaceutical College was renamed as the Danish University of Pharmaceutical Science.
^In 2013, the Royal School of Library and Information Science was merged into the University of Copenhagen.
^In 1998, Odense University was merged with the Southern Denmark School of Business and Engineering and the South Jutland University Centre to form the University of Southern Denmark.
^In 2007, the Danish University of Pharmaceutical Science was merged into the University of Copenhagen.
^In 2011, University College South merged with West Jutland University College to form University College South Denmark.
^In 2011, West Jutland University College merged with University College South to form University College South Denmark.