Henderson crake

Henderson crake
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Gruiformes
Family: Rallidae
Genus: Zapornia
Species:
Z. atra
Binomial name
Zapornia atra
(North, 1908)
Synonyms

Nesophylax ater
Porzana atra

The Henderson crake or red-eyed crake (Zapornia atra) is a species of flightless bird in the family Rallidae. It is endemic to Henderson Island in the southeast Pacific Ocean. Its natural habitat is dense to open forest.[1]

The population of this species is estimated to be 5,600 mature individuals, roughly equivalent to 8,500 individuals in total.[1]

Habitat and ecology

The species is found in dense to open forest throughout the island plateau, both in forest dominated by Pisonia and Pisonia/Xylosma, and in Timonius thicket, also occurring in Pandanus–Thespesia–Argusia embayment forests and coconut groves on the beaches.[2] It is omnivorous and appears to be an opportunistic feeder, taking advantage of seasonal increases in prey.[2] It forages in the leaf-litter, gleaning items—such as skink Emoia cyanura eggs—from the undersides of fallen leaves, large nematodes, beetles, moths, spiders, dead caterpillars, land snails and small insects.[2] The breeding season is long, extending from late July to mid February (double broods are not uncommon) and clutch-size is 2–3.[2] Helpers may provide extraparental care, such as defending eggs and chicks from crabs and rats. Based on a small sample, adult annual survival is at least 43%, and reproductive success is a minimum of 0.95 chicks surviving to one month old per pair, per annum.[2]

The population of the species was severely affected by a failed rodent eradication campaign on Henderson in 2011, but had returned to pre-eradication levels by 2015.[1][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2022). "Zapornia atra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22692711A213098423. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692711A213098423.en. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e Jones, P.; Schubel, S.; Jolly, J.; Brooke, M. de L.; Vickery, J. (1995). "Behaviour, natural history, and annual cycle of the Henderson Island Rail Porzana atra (Aves: Rallidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 56 (1–2): 167–183. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01083.x.
  3. ^ Bond, Alexander L.; Brooke, M. de L.; Cuthbert, Richard J.; Lavers, Jennifer L.; McClelland, Gregory T. W.; Churchyard, Thomas; Donaldson, Angus; Duffield, Neil; Forrest, Alice; Harrison, Gavin; Mackinnon, Lorna; Proud, Tara; Skinner, Andrew; Torr, Nick; Vickery, Juliet A.; Oppel, Steffen (10 April 2018). "Population status of four endemic land bird species after an unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island". Bird Conservation International. 29 (1): 124–135. doi:10.1017/S0959270918000072.


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