The relief, dating from the Hittite empire in the second millennium BC is located on the north bank of the Ceyhan river and faces south-southeast. In ancient times, the route from the Hittite heartland in the north, over the Anti-Taurus Mountains to Syria ran along this side of the river, before crossing it - so it linked Kizzuwatna (later called Cilicia) with east Anatolia. The importance which this nodal point retained even into the Middle Ages is indicated by the Armenian fortress of Amouda (now Hemite Kalesi) only 400 m further north.
Description
Hemite relief
The relief depicts a male figure, about 1.75 m high, whose clothing and weapons identify him as a warrior. In his outstretched right hand he holds a (badly weathered) spear. His left hand holds his bow which is borne over his shoulder. On the left side of his body there is a sword - the halfmoon grip and a loop for hanging it from his belt are clearly visible. He is dressed in a semi-circular cap with decorative bands, a short kilt and the ubiquitous Hittite pointed shoes. A large ring hangs from his ear. To the right of the image are two groups of Luwian hieroglyphs, one above the other. According to John David Hawkins' translation, they name the figure as:
...Tarḫunta, Prince
Son of Tarḫuntabija, Prince
Hawkins suggests a possible connection with the Tarḫuntabijammi who is named in the Hanyeri relief. A prince named Tarḫuntabija also appears in the list of witnesses to the Ulmitessuba-Treaty made under Hattusili III (r. c. 1265-1240 BC).
The initial description of the relief was produced by Helmuth Theodor Bossert in 1946. The first detailed description was undertaken by Alfonso Archi.
Bibliography
Horst Ehringhaus. Götter, Herrscher, Inschriften. Die Felsreliefs der hethitischen Großreichszeit in der Türkei, Zabern, Mainz, ISBN3-8053-3469-9, pp. 107–111.
Kay Kohlmeyer: "Felsbilder der hethitischen Großreichszeit." Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 15 (1983) pp. 90–95.
