Heat fusion

HDPE pipe fusion

Heat fusion (sometimes called heat welding, butt welding or simply fusion) is a welding process used to join two different pieces of a thermoplastic. This process involves heating both pieces simultaneously and pressing them together. The two pieces then cool together and form a permanent bond. When done properly, the two pieces become indistinguishable from each other. Dissimilar plastics can result in improper bonding.[1][2]

Applications

This process is commonly used in plastic pressure pipe systems to join a pipe and fitting together, or to join a length of pipe directly to another length of pipe. Generally, polyolefins (such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polybutylene) are used for these applications.

Types

Butt welding is usually performed using one of several methods. The first, and most common, is butt welding or butt fusion, which is a type of hot plate welding. This technique involves heating two planed surfaces of thermoplastic material (typically polyethylene) against a heated surface. After a specified amount of time, the heating plate is removed and the two pieces are pressed together and allowed to cool under pressure, forming the desired bond. Butt welding outside of manufacturing is usually performed to join pipes.[3][4][5][6]

The other major technique is socket fusion. It is distinguished from butt-welding by using custom-shaped and -sized heating plates rather than a basic flat surface. These heads allow for more surface contact, reducing the time needed to heat and fuse the pipe. Socket fusion joins pipe and fittings together, rather than simply joining pipe to pipe. It requires less pressure than butt-welding and is more commonly used on smaller sizes of pipe (4" or less). Socket welding has additional advantages of requiring less machinery and is more portable than the heavier equipment required for butt fusion.[7]

A third method of thermoplastic welding is called sidewall fusion, or saddle fusion. Sidewall fusion is, like butt fusion and socket fusion, another process based on hot plate welding. Sidewall fusion differs from either socket, or butt fusion methods by performing fusion into the side of the pipe wall in a transverse orientation to the main pipe, rather than in line with the pipe. Sidewall fusion is typically employed in conjunction with either socket or butt fusion methods as a complementary process and many fusion machines designed for butt fusion are also equipped for sidewall fusion. Adaptor plates that match the outside diameter of the main pipe are applied to the heating plate to perform this type of fusion.[8]

Another method used is referred to as electrofusion. Electrofusion is a method of joining HDPE and other plastic pipes with special fittings that have built-in resistive wire which is used to weld the joint together. The pipes to be joined are trimmed, cleaned, inserted into the electrofusion fitting (with a temporary clamp if required) and a voltage (typically 40V) is applied using a device called an electrofusion processor. The processor controls how much voltage is applied, and for how long, depending on the fitting in use. As current is applied to the resistive wire, the coils heat up and melt the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe wall which weld together producing a very strong homogeneous joint. The assembly is then left to cool for a specified time. The joints produced tend to be more reliable than threaded fittings sealed with O-rings.[9]

References

  1. ^ ASTM Standard D2657, 2007, "Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, doi:10.1520/D2657-07, www.astm.org.
  2. ^ ASTM Standard F2620, 2009e1, "Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009, doi:10.1520/F2620-09e1, www.astm.org.
  3. ^ Chasis, David A. (1988), Plastic piping systems (2nd ed.), Industrial Press, p. 49, ISBN 978-0-8311-1181-6.
  4. ^ "Анимации". Archived from the original on 2013-04-30. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
  5. ^ "Butt Fusion Jointing of PE Pipes and Fittings - Recommended Parameters | the Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia". Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
  6. ^ "DVS Technical Codes on Plastics Joining Technologies" (PDF). dvs-media.eu. 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Aquatherm Greenpipe Fusion Connections". Archived from the original on 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  8. ^ "- - Worldpoly". Archived from the original on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-07.
  9. ^ "Electrofusion Jointing of PE Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Applications | the Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia". Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2015-05-06.

Read other articles:

Mazda 3Mazda3 hatchback generasi keempat (2019)InformasiProdusenMazdaJuga disebutMazda Axela (Jepang)Masa produksi2003[1]–sekarangPerakitanHofu, Japan[2]Bogotá, Colombia[3]Tehran, Iran[4]Taoyuan, Taiwan[3]Bodi & rangkaKelasMobil kompakBentuk kerangka5-pintu hatchback/wagon4-pintu sedanTata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda depan/4WD[5]KronologiPendahuluMazda Familia/323/Protegé Mazda3 atau yang di Jepang dise...

 

Grand Prix VietnamSirkuit Jalan Raya HanoiInformasi lombaPertama digelar2020Panjang sirkuit5.565 km (3.458 mi)Jarak tempuh306.075 km (190.190 mi)Lap55 Grand Prix Vietnam (bahasa Vietnam: Giải đua Việt Nam) adalah sebuah perlombaan balap mobil Formula Satu, yang direncanakan akan digelar pada tahun 2020.[1] Perlombaan ini akan diadakan di sirkuit jalanan sementara di jalan raya ibu kota Vietnam, yaitu Hanoi, tetapi kemudian dibatalkan karena Pandemi COVID-...

 

Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia CurugLogo Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia CurugNama sebelumnyaSekolah Tinggi Penerbangan Indonesia Curug (STPI)MotoCewama Eka Tayai (Mengabdi Untuk Kesatuan)JenisPerguruan Tinggi KedinasanDidirikan1 Juni 1952 (1952-06-01)Lembaga indukKementerian Perhubungan Republik IndonesiaDirekturAsri Santosa, ST., S.SiT., M.TAlamatJl. Raya PLP Curug, Desa Serdang Wetan, Kecamatan. Legok, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten, 15820, Indonesia6°17′11″S 106°33′50″E...

العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الكولومبية أوزبكستان كولومبيا   أوزبكستان   كولومبيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الكولومبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أوزبكستان وكولومبيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومر...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada April 2016. BuhidJangkauanU+1740..U+175F(32 titik kode)BidangBMPAksaraBuhidAksara utamaBuhidTerpakai20 titik kodeTak terpakai12 titik kode kosongRiwayat versi Unicode3.220 (+20) Catatan: [1] Buhid adalah blok Unicode yang mengandung karakter penulisan bahasa...

 

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel atau bagian artikel ini diterjemahkan secara buruk. Kualitas terjemahannya masih kurang bagus. Bagian-bagian yang mungkin diterjemahkan da...

Untuk grup idola nyata yang membentuk sub-unit virtual ini, lihat JKT48. JKT48VAnggota JKT48V dari sebelah kiri(Kanaia, Pia, Tana)Informasi latar belakangAsalIndonesiaGenreRockJ-popTahun aktif2023 – sekarang (0 tahun)LabelIndonesia Musik Nusantara (musik)AKA Virtual (virtual)Artis terkaitJKT48Situs webwww.jkt48.com/jkt48vAnggotaPia MeraleoTana NonaKanaia Asa JKT48V adalah sebuah full virtual sub-unit dari grup idola terkenal JKT48, yang berbasis di Indonesia. Sub-unit ini diumumkan pada har...

 

Campeonato Brasileiro Série C 1997 Competizione Campeonato Brasileiro Série C Sport Calcio Edizione 8ª Organizzatore CBF Date dal 30 agosto 1997al 30 novembre 1997 Luogo  Brasile Partecipanti 64 Risultati Vincitore  Sampaio Corrêa(1º titolo) Promozioni  Sampaio Corrêa Juventus-SP Statistiche Incontri disputati 260 Gol segnati 632 (2,43 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1996 1998 Manuale Il Campeonato Brasileiro Série C 1997 è stata l'ottava ...

 

Hubungan Kuba–Indonesia Kuba Indonesia Hubungan Indonesia dengan Kuba mengacu pada hubungan bilateral Republik Kuba dengan Republik Indonesia. Selama pemerintahan presiden pertama Indonesia, Soekarno pada tahun 1960-an Indonesia dan Kuba memiliki hubungan yang sangat dekat.[1] Hubungan antara kedua negara sebagian besar difokuskan pada olahraga dan kesehatan.[2] Kuba memiliki kedutaan besar di Jakarta, sedangkan Indonesia memiliki kedutaan besar di Havana yang juga merangka...

Open cluster in the constellation Puppis NGC 2527Observation data (J2000 epoch)Right ascension08h 04m 58s[1]Declination−28° 08′ 48″[1]Distance1,960 ly (601 pc[2])Apparent magnitude (V)6.5 [1]Apparent dimensions (V)20'Physical characteristicsMass740[3] M☉Estimated age445 million years[2]810 million years[4]Other designationsNGC 2520, Cr 174AssociationsConstellationPuppisSee also...

 

Municipality in Flemish Community, BelgiumKasterleeMunicipality FlagCoat of armsLocation of Kasterlee KasterleeLocation in Belgium Location of Kasterlee in the province of Antwerp Coordinates: 51°15′N 04°57′E / 51.250°N 4.950°E / 51.250; 4.950Country BelgiumCommunityFlemish CommunityRegionFlemish RegionProvinceAntwerpArrondissementTurnhoutGovernment • MayorWard Kennes (CD&V) • Governing party/iesCD&VArea • ...

 

37e cérémoniedes Victoires de la musique Victoires de la musique Organisée par l'association « Les Victoires de la musique » Détails Date 11 février 2022 Lieu La Seine musicaleBoulogne-Billancourt France Présentateur Olivier MinneLaury Thilleman Diffusé sur France 2France Inter Site web Site officiel sur france.tv Résumé Artiste masculin Orelsan Artiste féminine Clara Luciani Révélation masculine Terrenoire Révélation féminine Barbara Pravi Chanson originale O...

شينجي كاوادا (باليابانية: 川田紳司)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 6 أكتوبر 1971 (العمر 52 سنة)اليابان الجنسية اليابان الطول 170 سنتيمتر[1]  الوزن 58 كيلوغرام[1]  الحياة العملية المهنة مؤدي أصوات اللغات اليابانية  سنوات النشاط 2000-حالياً المواقع IMDB صفحته على IMDB  تعديل م...

 

جمع تبرعاتمعلومات عامةصنف فرعي من acquisition (en) نشاط اقتصادي تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جمع التبرعات أو الاكتتابية[1] (بالإنجليزية: fundraising)‏ يشير إلى الجهود المبذولة لجمع مال تبرعي من أجل دعم قضية أو مشروع وعادة ما يكون غير ربحي، وتتكثف جهود جمع التبرعات بالتماس ...

 

American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger Brad MehldauMehldau in 2001Background informationBirth nameBradford Alexander MehldauBorn (1970-08-23) August 23, 1970 (age 53)Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.GenresJazz, post-bopOccupation(s) Musician Composer Arranger Instrument(s)PianoYears activeLate 1980s–presentLabels Warner Bros. Nonesuch Websitebradmehldaumusic.comMusical artist Bradford Alexander Mehldau (/ˈmɛlˌdaʊ/; born August 23, 1970) is an American jazz pianist, composer, and a...

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع أرجون (توضيح). Arjun MBT النوع دبابة قتال رئيسية بلد الأصل  الهند تاريخ الصنع صمم 1974–الان المصنع مصنع المركبات الثقيلة صنع 2004–الان سعر الوحدة 2.8 مليون دولار أمريكي الكمية المصنوعة 124 المواصفات الطول 11 متر  العرض 4 متر  الارتفاع 2 متر  الطاقم 4 (ق...

 

Standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timestamp This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) SMPTE timecode on a clapperboard SMPTE timecode (/ˈsɪmptiː/ or /ˈsɪmtiː/) is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode. The system i...

 

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (octobre 2012). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? C...

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع صلب (توضيح). صلبمعلومات عامةالنوع سبيكة حديدية[1] تاريخ الاكتشاف / الاختراع 1865 المكونات حديد — كربون الخصائص الفيزيائيةالكثافة (ρ) 7٬850 kg/m³[2] الحرارة : 20 °Cالحالة: صلب الخصائص الميكانيكيةمعامل يونغ (E) 210 GPa تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيان...

 

Dieldrin Names IUPAC name (1aR,2R,2aS,3S,6R,6aR,7S,7aS)-3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphtho[2,3-b]oxirene Other names Dieldrin, HEOD Identifiers CAS Number 60-57-1 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:34696 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL481118 N ChemSpider 10292746 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.000.440 KEGG C13718 Y PubChem CID 969491 UNII I0246D2ZS0 Y CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID9020453 InChI InChI=1S/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-...