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Haplogroup Q-M3
Haplogroup Q-M3
Possible time of origin	10,000-15,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Beringia: Either East Asia or North America
Ancestor	Q-L54
Descendants	Q-M19, Q-M194, Q-M199, Q-PAGES104, Q-PAGES131, Q-L663, Q-SA01, Q-L766, Q-L883, and Q-L888
Defining mutations	M3 (rs3894)

Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup Q-M3 is a subclade of Haplogroup Q-L54. Haplogroup Q-M3 was previously known as Haplogroup Q3; currently Q-M3 is Q1b1a1a below Q1b-M346.^[1]

In 1996 the research group at Stanford University headed by Dr. Peter Underhill first discovered the SNP that was to become known as M3. At the time, it was called DYS191. Later studies completed the genetic bridge by determining that Q-M3 was related to Q-M242-bearing populations who traveled through Central Asia to East Asia.^[2]

Origin and distribution

Haplogroup Q-M3 is one of the Y-Chromosome haplogroups linked to the indigenous peoples of the Americas (over 90% of indigenous people in Meso & South America). Today, such lineages also include other Q-M242 branches (Q-M346, Q-L54, Q-P89.1, Q-NWT01, and Q-Z780), haplogroup C-M130 branches (C-M217 and C-P39), and R-M207, which are almost exclusively found in the North America. Haplogroup Q-M3 is defined by the presence of the (M3) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Q-M3 occurred on the Q-L54 lineage roughly 10-15 thousand years ago as the migration into the Americas was underway. There is some debate as to on which side of the Bering Strait this mutation occurred, but it definitely happened in the ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.^[3]

The Americas

Populations carrying Q-M3 are widespread throughout the Americas. Since the discovery of Q-M3, several subclades of Q-M3 bearing populations have been discovered in the Americas as well. An example is in South America where some populations have a high prevalence of SNP M19 which defines subclade Q-M19. M19 has been detected in 59% of Amazonian Ticuna men and in 10% of Wayuu men.^[4] Subclades Q-M19 and Q-M199 appear to be unique to South American populations and suggests that population isolation and perhaps even the establishment of tribes began soon after migration into the Americas.^[5] The Kennewick Man has a Y chromosome that belongs to the most common sub-clade Q1b1a1a-M3 while the Anzick's Y chromosome belongs to the minor Q1b1a2-M971 lineage.^[6]

Asia

Q-M3 is present in some Siberian populations in Asia. It is unclear whether these are remnants of the founding lineage or evidence of back-migrations from Beringia to East Asia.^[7]

Population		Paper	N	Percentage	SNP Tested
Evens		Malyarchuk 2011^[7]	2/63	~3.2%	M3

Europe

The Q-M3 lineage has not been detected in the European population.

Subclade distribution

Q-M19 M19 This lineage is found among Indigenous South Americans, such as the Ticuna and the Wayuu.^[8] Origin: South America approximately 5,000 to 10,000 years ago.

Q-M194 It has only been found in South American populations.^[8]

Q-M199 This lineage has only been found in South American populations.

Q-PAGES104 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.

Q-PAGES131 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.

Q-L663 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists. It is linked to indigenous populations in Central Mexico and has been associated with the Otomies (Hñähñús, as they self-identify) from Hidalgo, Mexico (Gómez et al, 2021). Q-L663's paternal line was formed around 550 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1250 CE. Extensive research on this haplogroup is being conducted by members of the New Mexico Genealogical Society, with at least 16 NGS Y-DNA tests as of 2023. The earliest known genealogical records for a Q-L663 descendant were for a man named Nicolás de Espinosa, a native of the Villa de los Lagos, Nueva Galicia, Mexico, who was born circa 1673.

Gómez, R., Vilar, M.G., Meraz-Ríos, M.A., Véliz, D., Zúñiga, G., Hernández-Tobías, E.A., Figueroa-Corona, M., Owings, A.C., Gaieski, J.B., Schurr, T.G., (2021). Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico, iScience, 24 (5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102487

Q-SA01 This lineage was discovered by the research group headed by Dr. Theodore G. Schurr.^[9]

Q-L766 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists. It may be linked to indigenous populations in the Southwestern United States and Mexico.

Q-L883 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists.

Q-L888 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists.

Associated SNPs

Q-M3 is defined by the SNPs M3 and L341.2.

Q-M3 Phylogeny and Subgroups

Current status of the polygentic tree for Q-M3 is published by pinotti et al. in the article Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders (2018). Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup for Q-M3 and its relation to the branches within Q-L54.^[10]

L54
- Q-L330
- Q-MPB001 (18.9 kya)
  - Q-CTS1780
  - Q-M930 (15.0-17.0 kya) Ancient Beringians
    - Q-L804 (Scandinavian)
    - Q-M3 (Native American, 15.0 kya)
      - Q-Y4308
      - Q-M848 (14.9 kya)
        Q-B48
        
        Q-CTS11357
        Q-M825
        
        Q-MPB073
        
        Q-MPB015
        
        Q-MPB115
        
        Q-Z6658
        
        Q-Z5906
        
        Q-Z19357
        
        Q-MPB139
        
        Q-MPB138
        
        Q-M848*

In 2013 Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's made the following phylogentic Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M3.

L54
- M3, L341.2
  - M19
  - M194
  - M199, P106, P292
  - PAGES104, PAGES126
  - PAGES131
  - L663
  - SA01
  - L766, L767
  - L883, L884, L885, L886, L887
  - L888, L889, L890, L891

Popular culture

American actress Jessica Alba's father, who is of Mexican descent, belongs to Haplogroup Q-M3. Her father partook in Henry Louis Gates' genealogy series Finding Your Roots.^[11]

References

^ Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2018, ISOGG
^ Wells, Spencer (2004). The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-0.
^ Grugni, Viola; Raveane, Alessandro; Ongaro, Linda; Battaglia, Vincenza; Trombetta, Beniamino; Colombo, Giulia; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Olivieri, Anna; Achilli, Alessandro; Perego, Ugo A.; Motta, Jorge; Tribaldos, Maribel; Woodward, Scott R.; Ferretti, Luca; Cruciani, Fulvio; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella (24 January 2019). "Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas". BMC Biology. 17 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4. eISSN 1741-7007. PMC 6345020. PMID 30674303.
^ Ruiz-Linares, A.; Ortiz-Barrientos, D.; Figueroa, M.; Mesa, N.; Munera, J. G.; Bedoya, G.; Velez, I. D.; Garcia, L. F.; Perez-Lezaun, A. (1999). "Microsatellites provide evidence for Y chromosome diversity among the founders of the New World". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (11): 6312–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.6312R. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6312. PMC 26878. PMID 10339584.
^ Bortolini, M; Salzano, F; Thomas, M; Stuart, S; Nasanen, S; Bau, C; Hutz, M; Layrisse, Z; Petzlerler, M (2003). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524–39. doi:10.1086/377588. PMC 1180678. PMID 12900798.
^ Kivisild, Toomas (2017-03-04). "The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA". Human Genetics. 136 (5). Springer Nature: 529–546. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z. ISSN 0340-6717. PMC 5418327. PMID 28260210.
^ ^a ^b Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
^ ^a ^b (2003) "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas," Archived 2011-04-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) Maria-Catira Bortolini, Francisco M. Salzano
^ "Theodore G. Schurr". Archived from the original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
^ Pinotti, Thomaz; Bergström, Anders; Geppert, Maria; Bawn, Matt; Ohasi, Dominique; Shi, Wentao; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Solli, Arne; Norstedt, Jakob; Reed, Kate; Dawtry, Kim; González-Andrade, Fabricio; Paz-y-Miño, Cesar; Revollo, Susana; Cuellar, Cinthia; Jota, Marilza S.; Santos, José E.; Ayub, Qasim; Kivisild, Toomas; Sandoval, José R.; Fujita, Ricardo; Xue, Yali; Roewer, Lutz; Santos, Fabrício R.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2018). "Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders". Current Biology. 29 (1). Elsevier BV: 149–157.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029. hdl:20.500.12727/6107. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30581024.
^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, February 5, 2015

External links

[vanOven2014-12] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.

[ISOGG2015-13] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-14] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-15] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-16] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-17] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-18] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-19] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-20] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-21] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-22] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-23] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-24] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

[1] Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2018, ISOGG

[Wells2002-2] Wells, Spencer (2004). The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-0.

[GrugniRaveaneOngaro2019-3] Grugni, Viola; Raveane, Alessandro; Ongaro, Linda; Battaglia, Vincenza; Trombetta, Beniamino; Colombo, Giulia; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Olivieri, Anna; Achilli, Alessandro; Perego, Ugo A.; Motta, Jorge; Tribaldos, Maribel; Woodward, Scott R.; Ferretti, Luca; Cruciani, Fulvio; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella (24 January 2019). "Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas". BMC Biology. 17 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4. eISSN 1741-7007. PMC 6345020. PMID 30674303.

[Ruiz-Linares1999-4] Ruiz-Linares, A.; Ortiz-Barrientos, D.; Figueroa, M.; Mesa, N.; Munera, J. G.; Bedoya, G.; Velez, I. D.; Garcia, L. F.; Perez-Lezaun, A. (1999). "Microsatellites provide evidence for Y chromosome diversity among the founders of the New World". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (11): 6312–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.6312R. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6312. PMC 26878. PMID 10339584.

[Bortolini2003-5] Bortolini, M; Salzano, F; Thomas, M; Stuart, S; Nasanen, S; Bau, C; Hutz, M; Layrisse, Z; Petzlerler, M (2003). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524–39. doi:10.1086/377588. PMC 1180678. PMID 12900798.

[Kivisild2017-6] Kivisild, Toomas (2017-03-04). "The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA". Human Genetics. 136 (5). Springer Nature: 529–546. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z. ISSN 0340-6717. PMC 5418327. PMID 28260210.

[Malyarchuk2011-7] Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.

[demographic-8] (2003) "Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas," Archived 2011-04-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) Maria-Catira Bortolini, Francisco M. Salzano

[TSchurrWebsite-9] "Theodore G. Schurr". Archived from the original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved 2012-12-01.

[Pinotti_Tyler-Smith_2018-10] Pinotti, Thomaz; Bergström, Anders; Geppert, Maria; Bawn, Matt; Ohasi, Dominique; Shi, Wentao; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Solli, Arne; Norstedt, Jakob; Reed, Kate; Dawtry, Kim; González-Andrade, Fabricio; Paz-y-Miño, Cesar; Revollo, Susana; Cuellar, Cinthia; Jota, Marilza S.; Santos, José E.; Ayub, Qasim; Kivisild, Toomas; Sandoval, José R.; Fujita, Ricardo; Xue, Yali; Roewer, Lutz; Santos, Fabrício R.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2018). "Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders". Current Biology. 29 (1). Elsevier BV: 149–157.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029. hdl:20.500.12727/6107. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30581024.

[11] Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, February 5, 2015

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Haplogroup Q-M3

Origin and distribution

The Americas

Asia

Europe

Subclade distribution

Associated SNPs

Q-M3 Phylogeny and Subgroups

Popular culture

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

External links

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