Hakim Humam

Hakim Humam
Portrait of Hakim Humam, c. 1615-20.
Born
Najib al-Din Humayun

Gilan, Safavid Iran
Died30 October 1595
Mughal Empire
Known forRoyal physician to Mughal emperor Akbar
TitleHumayun Quli
RelativesHakim Abu'l-Fath Gilani (brother)

Hakim Nuru'd-Din Qarari (brother)

Hakim Lutfullah Gilani (brother)

Najib al-Din Humayun (died 30 October 1595), commonly known as Hakim Humam or Hakim Hamam, was a physician (hakim) and an official in the service of the Mughal emperor Akbar. A native of Gilan in present-day Iran, he migrated to present-day India with his brothers to escape Safavid persecution. He held several positions in Akbar's service, and served as the Mughal ambassador to Abdullah Khan II of Bukhara.

Early life

Hakim Humam was a native of the Gilan region in present-day Iran. His father Mawlana 'Abdu'r Razzaq Gilani was a sadr known for drawing horoscopes. In 1566-1567, the Safavid ruler Tahmasp I imprisoned Gilan's ruler Khan Ahmad Khan. During this period, 'Abdu'r Razzaq was also imprisoned, and his sons migrated to the Mughal Empire in present-day India.[1]

Hakim Najib al-Din Humam entered the service of the Mughal emperor Akbar, along with his brothers: Hakim Abu'l-Fath Gilani and Hakim Nuru'd-Din Qarari, and Hakim Lutfullah Gilani.[2] They were Shia Muslims.[3]

In Akbar's service

Humam's real name was Humayun, but when he came to Akbar's court, he called himself Humayun Quli ("slave of Humayun") out of respect for Akbar's father Humayun. Later, he changed his name to Hakim Humam.[1]

Officially, Humam held the position of mir bakawal or bakawal begi (superintendent of the kitchen), and his performance in this role greatly impressed Akbar.[1][4] However, he was also known as a calligrapher, connoisseur of poetry, scientist, doctor (hakim), and diplomat.[4] Akbar appointed him to the board of authors of Tarikh-i Alfi, a history of the first thousand years of Islam. Humam also held the military rank of mansabdar of 600 soldiers.[1]

Around 1588, Akbar sent Humam as an ambassador to Abdullah Khan II of Bukhara. The letter drafted by Abu'l-Fazl on behalf of Akbar introduces Humam as an "asylum of instruction and talent, cream of devoted loyalties, best of our confidants, the skilful Hakim Humam, who is a right-speaking and right-acting man".[1]

Death and legacy

Humam died of tuberculosis on 30 October 1595, after two months of illness.[5] According to Abu'l-Fazl, he "was endowed with a good countenance, was a jewel of purity, and a sweet-spoken man."[1] Later sources count him among the Navaratnas or nine prominent courtiers of Akbar.[6] He is buried at the Tomb of the Hakims in present-day Pakistan.[7]

Humam's elder son Kamal al-Din, born at Fatehpur Sikri and better known as Hakim Hadhiq, gained prominence as a poet and prose-writer.[2] His other son, Hakim Khushhal, held the mansabdar rank of 6000 soldiers, and served as a bakhshi (military paymaster) and waqianawis(court writer) in the Deccan region.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi (1986). A Socio-Intellectual History of the Isnā 'Asharī Shī'īs in India. Vol. 2. Munshiram Manoharlal / Ma'rifat. pp. 186–190. OCLC 716001280.
  2. ^ a b Asoke K. Bagchi (1997). Medicine in Medieval India: 11th to 18th Centuries. Konark. p. 88,92. ISBN 9788122004687.
  3. ^ Syed Ali Nadeem Rezavi (2015). "The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra and Its Influence on India". In Irfan Habib (ed.). Religion in Indian History. Tulika. p. 182. ISBN 9789382381549.
  4. ^ a b Annemarie Schimmel; Stuart Cary Welch, eds. (1983). Anvari's Divan: A Pocket Book for Akbar. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 36. ISBN 9780870993312.
  5. ^ Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1962). Akbar the Great: Volume 1 - Political History, 1542-1605 A.D. Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 403. OCLC 25699197.
  6. ^ G.S. Sardesai (1943). Ramananda Chatterjee; Kedar Nath Chatterji (eds.). "The Nine Gems of Akbar's Court". The Modern Review. 74 (1–6): 133.
  7. ^ Shiraz Hassan (2014-08-31). "The tomb where a princess lies". Dawn. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  8. ^ Radhey Shyam (1984). "Presidential Address". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 45: 272. JSTOR 44140205.