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Hadena perplexa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Hadena
Species:	H. perplexa
Binomial name
	Hadena perplexa; (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Synonyms
	List Anepia perplexa; Noctua perplexa Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775; Phalaena (Noctua) lepida Esper, 1790; Phalaena (Noctua) carpophaga Brahm, 1791; Phalaena (Noctua) carpophaga Borkhausen, 1792; Noctua ochracea Haworth, 1809; Dianthoecia capsophila Duponchel, 1842; Miselia nisus Germar, 1842; Opigena repanda Herrich-Schäffer, 1850; Miselia atlas Prout, 1928; Dianthoecia capsophila f. sicula Draudt, 1933; ;

Hadena perplexa, also known as the tawny shears or pod lover, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. It was first described, in 1775, by the Austrian lepidopterists Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller from a type specimen found in the Vienna District of Austria.

Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 27–36 mm. Forewing olive grey brown or olive ochreous, clouded with darker; claviform stigma large, dark; orbicular and reniform with brown centres and white rings outlined with black; some black toothlike marks before submarginal line; hindwing dirty grey, darker towards termen; the veins dark. This darker form is the usual one throughout Europe; but is replaced in Britain by ochracea Haw. which is pale ochraceous with slightly darker markings; examples with an actually white ground colour are found on the chalk of the South of England, ab. pallida Tutt on the other hand, the darkest forms of ochracea Haw., with few markings but uniform in coloration, are known as brunnea Tutt.^[1]

Similar species

Hadena bicruris

Biology

Adults are on wing from February to May in one generation in Israel. In Europe flying from April to June, depending on the microclimate of the habitat locality bivoltine, flying from April to June and from August to September.

Larva pale putty colour, with the lines indistinct. The larvae feed on the flowers and seeds of Dianthus and campion (Silene) species. Other recorded food plants include sticky catchfly (Viscaria vulgaris).^[2] The larvae pupates just below the surface in a fragile cocoon

Subspecies

Hadena perplexa perplexa
Hadena perplexa paghmana (Afghanistan)
Hadena perplexa plantei
Hadena perplexa capsophila

Distribution

The moth has been reported from Africa, Asia and Europe. In North Africa it has been recorded from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; in Asia it has been found in Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, northern Asia, Central Asia, northern India and western China and found in all of Europe.^[3]

References

^ Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2023). "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London". Natural History Museum. doi:10.5519/havt50xw.
^ "Hadena perplexa (Denis & Schiffermüller) 1775". Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved 19 August 2024.