HMS Penelope (1914)

	HMS Penelope (1914) image
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Penelope
Namesake	Penelope
Builder	Vickers Limited
Laid down	1 February 1913
Launched	25 August 1914
Commissioned	December 1914
Fate	Sold for scrap, October 1924
General characteristics (as built)
Class and type	Arethusa-class light cruiser
Displacement	3,512 long tons (3,568 t)
Length	410 ft (125.0 m) p/p; 436 ft (132.9 m) o/a;
Beam	39 ft (11.9 m)
Draught	15 ft 7 in (4.75 m) (mean, deep load)
Installed power	40,000 shp (30,000 kW); 8 × Yarrow boilers;
Propulsion	4 × shafts; 4 × steam turbines
Speed	28.5 kn (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph)
Range	5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Complement	270
Armament	2 × single BL 6 in (152 mm) Mk XII guns; 6 × single QF 4 in (102 mm) Mk V guns; 1 × single QF 3-pounder 47 mm (1.9 in) anti-aircraft gun; 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes;
Armour	Waterline belt: 1–3 in (25–76 mm); Deck: 1 in (25 mm);

HMS Penelope was one of eight Arethusa-class light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She fought in the First World War, following the war, she was scrapped.

Design and description

The Arethusa-class cruisers were intended to lead destroyer flotillas and defend the fleet against attacks by enemy destroyers. The ships were 456 feet 6 inches (139.1 m) long overall, with a beam of 49 feet 10 inches (15.2 m) and a deep draught of 15 feet 3 inches (4.6 m). Displacement was 5,185 long tons (5,268 t) at normal^[1] and 5,795 long tons (5,888 t) at full load. Penelope was powered by four Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, which produced a total of 40,000 indicated horsepower (30,000 kW). The turbines used steam generated by eight Yarrow boilers which gave her a speed of about 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph).^[2] She carried 840 long tons (853 t) tons of fuel oil^[1] that gave a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph).^[3]

The main armament of the Arethusa-class ships was two BL 6-inch (152 mm) Mk XII guns that were mounted on the centreline fore and aft of the superstructure and six QF 4-inch Mk V guns in waist mountings. They were also fitted with a single QF 3-pounder 47 mm (1.9 in) anti-aircraft gun and four 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes in two twin mounts.^[2]

Construction and career

She was launched on 25 August 1914 at Vickers Limited's shipyard. Unlike her sisters, she carried an extra 4-inch anti-aircraft gun in place of two 3-inch anti-aircraft guns. In August 1915, she was assigned to the 5th Light Cruiser Squadron of the Harwich Force, guarding the eastern approaches to the English Channel. On 25 April 1916 Penelope was damaged by a torpedo from the German submarine UB-29 off the Norfolk coast. She was repaired and in March 1918 was reassigned to the 7th Light Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet. She survived to the end of the First World War, and was sold for scrap in October 1924 to Stanlee, of Dover.^[4]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Friedman 2010, p. 384
^ ^a ^b Gardiner & Gray, p. 55
^ Pearsall, Part I, p. 210
^ Gardiner & Gray, pp. 55–56

Bibliography

Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Corbett, Julian. Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
Corbett, Julian (1997). Naval Operations. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. II (reprint of the 1929 second ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press. ISBN 1-870423-74-7.
Friedman, Norman (2010). British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-59114-078-8.
Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Newbolt, Henry (1996). Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. V (reprint of the 1931 ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-255-1.
Pearsall, Alan (1984). "Arethusa Class Cruisers, Part I". Warship. VIII. London: Conway Maritime Press: 203–11. ISBN 0-87021-983-9.
Pearsall, Alan (1984). "Arethusa Class Cruisers, Part II". Warship. VIII. London: Conway Maritime Press: 258–65. ISBN 0-87021-983-9.