HH 30

HH 30
HH 30.jpg
HH 30 with Hubble ACS
Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 04h 31m 37.51s
Declination +18° 12′ 24.38″
Apparent magnitude (V) 18.50 ±0.31[1]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage T Tauri star[2]
Spectral type M0 ±2[3]
Variable type variable nebula[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)20.3 ±3.5[3] km/s
Distance146.4 ±0.5 pc[2]
Details
Mass0.45 ±0.14[5] M☉
Temperature3700[3] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)≤12[3] km/s
Ageapprox. 1–2[6] Myr
Other designations
2MASS J04313747+1812244, JCMTSF J043137.4+181226, HH 30, HH 30 IRS, V1213 Tau, WISE J043137.48+181224.2, EPIC 210689083, TIC 353752582, Gaia DR3 3314311981834278912
Database references
SIMBADdata

HH-30 (also V1213 Tauri) is an edge-on protoplanetary disk that is surrounded by jets and a disk wind.[6] HH-30 is located in the dark cloud LDN 1551 in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. The HH-30 disk is the prototype of an edge-on disk,[2] due to its early discovery with Hubble.[4]

Discovery

HH 30 was published by George Herbig in 1974 in the "Draft Catalog of Herbig–Haro Objects" and notes: "HH-30 (4h 28m 44s) is a small, almost stellar spot 2' south of XZ and HL Tau. There is a fainter nebulosity immediately northeast. The small fuzzy spot of very similar appearance at 35" in 250° from HL Tau is not a HH Object, but a star having Hα in emission."[7] In 1996 it became clear that the object is an edge-on protoplanetary disk with jets.[4]

The central star

The star is hidden behind the dust of the disk. The spectral type was measured around M0 with the Keck Observatory, corresponding to a temperature of around 3700 Kelvin.[3] Disk rotation constrained the star mass to 0.45 M☉.[8][5] One study suggest that the central object is a binary star, due to the jet wiggling.[9] A follow-up study found that the jet-producing primary has a mass of 0.31 ±0.04 M☉ and that the secondary has a mass of 0.14 ±0.03 M☉. Both objects should be separated by 18.0 ±0.6 astronomical units (AU).[10]

Protoplanetary disk

Observations with Hubble WFPC2 in 1996 discovered the disk, which has a radius of 250 AU. The disk is seen as a bi-reflection nebula and the disk blocks the light of the star. The northern part of the reflection nebula decreased in brightness by 0.5 mag between two observations, while the southern part increased in brightness by 0.5 mag.[4] The disk around the star is a class II disk, meaning it contains both gas and dust particles.[3] Observations with the Plateau de Bure interferometer detected the carbon monoxide (CO) emission and measured the rotation of the disk.[8] Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) showed the mid-plane of the disk in 13CO and also measured its rotation.[5] A study with JWST and archived Hubble and ALMA data was published in 2024. This showed inefficient dust settling in the disk. Dust settling means that larger dust grains settle to the mid-plane of the disk. The observation also showed that the disk contains spiral-like and tail-like structure. The disk has a very high inclination of at least 84°.[2]

Jets

The jets were discovered in 1983 from CCD images at Calar Alto Observatory.[11] A proper motion survey in 1990 showed a speed of around 170 km/s of the jets. This study also detected H-alpha, ionized nitrogen and sulfur in the jet.[12] Early observations with Hubble showed that the knots of the jet have a speed of 100 to 300 km/s.[4] JWST NIRCam and MIRI observations showed the previously observed jet and a bi-conical outflow. The jet is bright in the MIRI F1280W filter, likely tracing ionized neon emission. One knot was seen moving with around 121 km/s.[2] The jet is seen with NIRSpec in ionized iron with a tight semi-opening angle of 1.4°±0.9°.[6]

Disk wind

A CO outflow was first resolved in 2006,[8] and in 2024 the outflow was detected with ALMA in 12CO. The researchers found three distinct shells in the outflow and measured an outflow mass of (1.83 ±0.19)×10‑4 M☉. This outflow is expanding with a speed of around 4–6 km/s and possibly rotates with a speed of ≤0.5 km/s. These shells can be explained by a magnetocentrifugal disk winds (MHD wind).[5] Another study using NIRSpec and ALMA, found that the outflow is nestled within each other. The jet is seen with a tight semi-opening angle of around 1.4°. The disk wind is seen with a wider semi-opening angle, with the molecular hydrogen (H2) emission having a semi-opening angle of around 14°. But this emission is also nestled within cold carbon monoxide (CO) emission from ALMA.[6]

See also

examples of other edge-on disks

  • Hubble WFPC2 image of HH 30 in 1995.
    Hubble WFPC2 image of HH 30 in 1995.
  • An early interpretation of the images of HH 30 in 1995.
    An early interpretation of the images of HH 30 in 1995.
  • HH 30 (lower right) and XZ and HL Tauri on the upper left. Hubble ACS image.
    HH 30 (lower right) and XZ and HL Tauri on the upper left. Hubble ACS image.

References

  1. ^ Lasker, Barry M.; Lattanzi, Mario G.; McLean, Brian J.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Drimmel, Ronald; Garcia, Jorge; Greene, Gretchen; Guglielmetti, Fabrizia; Hanley, Christopher; Hawkins, George; Laidler, Victoria G.; Loomis, Charles; Meakes, Michael; Mignani, Roberto; Morbidelli, Roberto (2008-08-01). "The Second-Generation Guide Star Catalog: Description and Properties". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (2): 735–766. arXiv:0807.2522. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..735L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/735. ISSN 0004-6256.
  2. ^ a b c d e Tazaki, Ryo; Ménard, François; Duchêne, Gaspard; Villenave, Marion; Ribas, Álvaro; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Pinte, Christophe; Wolff, Schuyler G. (2024-12-01). "JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. IV. Mid-infrared Dust Scattering in the HH 30 disk". arXiv:2412.07523 [astro-ph].
  3. ^ a b c d e f White, Russel J.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2004-12-01). "On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (2): 998–1032. arXiv:astro-ph/0408244. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..998W. doi:10.1086/425115. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ a b c d e Burrows, Christopher J.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Watson, Alan M.; Krist, John E.; Ballester, Gilda E.; Clarke, John T.; Crisp, David; Gallagher, John S., III; Griffiths, Richard E.; Hester, J. Jeff; Hoessel, John G.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Mould, Jeremy R.; Scowen, Paul A.; Trauger, John T. (1996-12-01). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Disk and Jet of HH 30". The Astrophysical Journal. 473: 437–451. Bibcode:1996ApJ...473..437B. doi:10.1086/178156. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c d López-Vázquez, J. A.; Lee, Chin-Fei; Fernández-López, M.; Louvet, Fabien; Guerra-Alvarado, O.; Zapata, Luis A. (2024-02-01). "Multiple Shells Driven by Disk Winds: ALMA Observations in the HH 30 Outflow". The Astrophysical Journal. 962 (1): 28. arXiv:2312.03272. Bibcode:2024ApJ...962...28L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad132a. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ a b c d Pascucci, Ilaria; Beck, Tracy L.; Cabrit, Sylvie; Bajaj, Naman S.; Edwards, Suzan; Louvet, Fabien; Najita, Joan R.; Skinner, Bennett N.; Gorti, Uma; Salyk, Colette; Brittain, Sean D.; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Muzerolle Page, James; Ruaud, Maxime; Schwarz, Kamber (2024-10-01). "The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations". Nature Astronomy. arXiv:2410.18033. Bibcode:2024NatAs.tmp..279P. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7. ISSN 2397-3366.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bibcode (link)
  7. ^ Herbig, G. H. (1974-01-01). "Draft Catalog of Herbig-Haro Objects". Lick Observatory Bulletin. 658: 1. Bibcode:1974LicOB.658....1H. ISSN 0075-9317.
  8. ^ a b c Pety, J.; Gueth, F.; Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, A. (2006-11-01). "Plateau de Bure interferometer observations of the disk and outflow of HH 30". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 458 (3): 841–854. arXiv:astro-ph/0608218. Bibcode:2006A&A...458..841P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065814. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ Anglada, Guillem; López, Rosario; Estalella, Robert; Masegosa, Josefa; Riera, Angels; Raga, Alejandro C. (2007-06-01). "Proper Motions of the Jets in the Region of HH 30 and HL/XZ Tau: Evidence for a Binary Exciting Source of the HH 30 Jet". The Astronomical Journal. 133 (6): 2799–2814. arXiv:astro-ph/0703155. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.2799A. doi:10.1086/517493. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ Estalella, Robert; López, Rosario; Anglada, Guillem; Gómez, Gabriel; Riera, Angels; Carrasco-González, Carlos (2012-08-01). "The Counterjet of HH 30: New Light on Its Binary Driving Source". The Astronomical Journal. 144 (2): 61. arXiv:1206.3391. Bibcode:2012AJ....144...61E. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/61. ISSN 0004-6256.
  11. ^ Mundt, R.; Fried, J. W. (1983-11-01). "Jets from young stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 274: L83 – L86. Bibcode:1983ApJ...274L..83M. doi:10.1086/184155. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Mundt, R.; Buehrke, T.; Solf, J.; Ray, T. P.; Raga, A. C. (1990-06-01). "Optical jets and outflows in the HL Tauri region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 232: 37. Bibcode:1990A&A...232...37M. ISSN 0004-6361.