HD 28185

HD 28185
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Eridanus
Right ascension 04h 26m 26.323s[1]
Declination −10° 33′ 02.95″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +7.80[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Main sequence/subgiant
Spectral type G6.5IV-V[3]
B−V color index 0.750±0.010[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)50.40±0.14[1] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 84.070(18) mas/yr[1]
Dec.: −59.637(16) mas/yr[1]
Parallax (π)25.4868 ± 0.0207 mas[1]
Distance128.0 ± 0.1 ly
(39.24 ± 0.03 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)4.67[2]
Details
Mass0.974±0.018[4] M☉
Radius1.048±0.015[4] R☉
Luminosity0.970±0.019[4] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.386±0.015[4] cgs
Temperature5,602±36[4] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.19±0.01[2] dex
Rotation30 days[5]
Age8.3±1.0[4] Gyr
Other designations
BD–10°919, HD 28185, HIP 20723, SAO 149631, GSC 05317-00733[6]
Database references
SIMBADdata

HD 28185 is a single[4] yellow dwarf star similar to the Sun, located 128 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Eridanus. The designation HD 28185 refers to its entry in the Henry Draper catalogue. The star is known to possess two long-period extrasolar planets.[4]

Characteristics

According to measurements from the Gaia spacecraft, HD 28185 has a parallax of 25.4868 milliarcseconds,[1] which corresponds to a distance of 39.24 parsecs (128.0 light-years). Since the star is located further than 25 parsecs from Earth, it is not listed in the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars. With an apparent magnitude of 7.81, the star is almost never visible with the naked eye, though it can be seen using binoculars.

HD 28185 is similar to the Sun in terms of mass, radius, and luminosity. The spectral type of G6.5IV-V[3] implies HD 28185 is cooler than the Sun, and that the star is on the main sequence and is generating energy by fusing hydrogen in its core. Like the majority of extrasolar planet host stars, HD 28185 is metal-rich relative to the Sun, containing around 173% of the solar abundance of iron. The star rotates slower than the Sun, with a period of around 30 days,[5] compared to 25.4 days for the Sun.

Based on the star's chromospheric activity, HD 28185 is estimated to have an age of around 2,900 million years. On the other hand, evolutionary models give an age of around 7,500 million years and a mass 0.99 times that of the Sun.[5] The higher luminosity and longer rotation period favour an older age for the star. As of 2024, the most recent estimate is about 8,300 million years, based on the star's observed physical properties.[4]

Planetary system

In 2001, an extrasolar planet more massive than Jupiter, designated HD 28185 b, was discovered in orbit around the star with a period of 1.04 years.[5][7] Unlike many long-period extrasolar planets, it has a low orbital eccentricity.[8] The planet experiences similar insolation to Earth, which has led to speculations about the possibilities for habitable moons.[9][10] In addition, numerical simulations suggest that low-mass planets located in the gas giant's Trojan points would be stable for long periods.[11] The planet's existence was independently confirmed by the Magellan Planet Search Program in 2008.[12]

The star also shows evidence of a long-term radial velocity trend, which may indicate the presence of an additional outer companion.[13] In 2022, the presence of an outer companion (HD 28185 c) was confirmed using a combination of radial velocity and astrometry, with the proposed mass of nearly 20 times that of Jupiter being in the range of brown dwarfs.[14] However, this was revised by a 2024 follow-up study which found HD 28185 c to be a planet with a mass 6 times that of Jupiter, comparable to HD 28185 b.[4] Also in 2024, the inclination and true mass of HD 28185 b were measured via astrometry.[15]

The HD 28185 planetary system[15]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(years) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 13.3+5.0
−3.9 MJ 		1.0282+0.0063
−0.0064 		1.05642(15) 0.0634±0.0030 156.5+6.1
−9.5° 		—
c 5.68+0.44
−0.36 MJ 		8.54+0.21
−0.14 		25.27+0.91
−0.61 		0.15±0.04 73+10.0
−8.4 or 109.5+9.1
−12.0° 		—

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c d Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. S2CID 119257644.
  3. ^ a b Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (July 2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID 119476992.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Venner, Alexander; An, Qier; et al. (October 2024). "HD 28185 Revisited: An outer planet, instead of a brown dwarf, on a saturn-like orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 535 (1): 90–106. arXiv:2410.14218. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.535...90V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2336.
  5. ^ a b c d Santos, N.; et al. (2001). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets VI. New long-period giant planets around HD 28185 and HD 213240". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (3): 999–1004. Bibcode:2001A&A...379..999S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011366. S2CID 59061741.
  6. ^ "HD 28185". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  7. ^ "Exoplanets: The Hunt Continues!" (Press release). Garching, Germany: European Southern Observatory. April 4, 2001. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  8. ^ Butler, R. P.; et al. (2006). "Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 505–522. arXiv:astro-ph/0607493. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..505B. doi:10.1086/504701. S2CID 119067572.
  9. ^ Mullen, L. (2001). "Extrasolar Planets with Earth-like Orbits". Archived from the original on 29 September 2006. Retrieved 22 July 2006.
  10. ^ Jones, Barrie W.; Sleep, P. Nick; Underwood, David R. (2006). "Habitability of Known Exoplanetary Systems Based on Measured Stellar Properties". The Astrophysical Journal. 649 (2): 1010–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0603200. Bibcode:2006ApJ...649.1010J. doi:10.1086/506557. S2CID 119078585.
  11. ^ Schwarz, R.; Dvorak, R.; Süli, Á.; Érdi, B. (2007). "Survey of the stability region of hypothetical habitable Trojan planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (3): 1023–1029. Bibcode:2007A&A...474.1023S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077994.
  12. ^ Minniti, Dante; et al. (2009). "Low-Mass Companions for Five Solar-Type Stars From the Magellan Planet Search Program". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1424–1430. arXiv:0810.5348. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1424M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1424. S2CID 119224845.
  13. ^ Chauvin, G.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Udry, S.; Fusco, T.; Galland, F.; Naef, D.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Mayor, M. (2006). "Probing long-period companions to planetary hosts. VLT and CFHT near infrared coronographic imaging surveys". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 456 (3): 1165–1172. arXiv:astro-ph/0606166. Bibcode:2006A&A...456.1165C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054709. S2CID 15611548.
  14. ^ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 262 (21): 21. arXiv:2208.12720. Bibcode:2022ApJS..262...21F. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. S2CID 251864022.
  15. ^ a b Feng, Fabo; Xiao, Guang-Yao; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Jenkins, James S.; Pena, Pablo; Sun, Qinghui (2024-12-19). "Lessons learned from the detection of wide companions by radial velocity and astrometry". arXiv:2412.14542 [astro-ph.EP].

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