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Guillaume Budé
Guillaume Budé
	Guillaume Budé, c. 1536 portrait by Jean Clouet
Born	26 January 1467; Paris, Kingdom of France
Died	20 August 1540 (aged 73); Paris, Kingdom of France
Other names	William Budaeus
Alma mater	University of Orléans
Era	Renaissance philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Renaissance humanism
Institutions	Collegium Trilingue
Academic advisors	Janus Lascaris; George Hermonymus
Notable students	Melchior Wolmar; John Colet
Main interests	Law

Guillaume Budé (French: [ɡijom byde]; Latinized as Guilielmus Budaeus; 26 January 1467 – 20 August 1540)^[2] was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France.

Budé was also the first keeper of the royal library at the Palace of Fontainebleau, which was later moved to Paris, where it became the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was an ambassador to Rome and held several important judicial and civil administrative posts.

Life

Budé was born in Paris. He went to the University of Orléans to study law, but for several years, having ample means, he led an idle and dissipated life. When about twenty-four years of age, he was seized with a sudden passion for study, and made rapid progress, particularly in Latin and Ancient Greek.^[3]

The work which gained him greatest reputation was his De Asse et Partibus Eius (1514), a treatise on ancient coins and measures. He was held in high esteem by Francis I, who was persuaded by him, and by Jean du Bellay, Bishop of Narbonne, to found the Collegium Trilingue (afterwards the Collège de France) and the library at Fontainebleau, which was removed to Paris and was the origin of the Bibliothèque Nationale.

He also induced Francis to refrain from prohibiting printing in France, which had been advised by the Sorbonne in 1533. Earlier, he had been sent by Louis XII to Rome as ambassador to Leo X, and in 1522 was appointed maître des requêtes and was several times prévôt des marchands.^[3]

Death

Before his death in Paris, he requested to be buried at night, and his widow's open profession of Protestantism at Geneva (where she retired after his death), caused him to be suspected of leanings towards Calvinism.^[3]

Sections of his correspondence with Erasmus also suggest this religious inclination. At the time of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, the members of his family were obliged to flee from France. Some took refuge in Switzerland, where they worthily upheld the traditions of their house, while others settled in Swedish Pomerania under the name Budde or Buddeus (see Johann Franz Buddeus).^[3]

Budé was also the author of Annotationes in XXIV. libros Pandectarum (1508), which, by the application of philology and history, had a great influence on the study of Roman law, and of Commentarii linguae Graecae (1529), an extensive collection of lexicographical notes, which contributed greatly to the study of Greek literature in France.^[3] Epistolae (1520, 8vo) is a collection that contains only a small part of the voluminous correspondence of Bude, written in Greek with remarkable purity.

Budé corresponded with the most learned men of his time, amongst them Erasmus, who called him the "marvel of France", and Thomas More. He wrote with equal facility in Greek and Latin.^[3]

Works

Statue de Guillaume Budé at the Collège de France, Paris

Translations from Plutarch, from 1502 to 1505
Annotationes in XXIV libros Pandectarum, Paris, 1508
- Annotationes in quattuor et viginti pendectarum libros. Paris, Josse Bade, 1532
- Annotationes in XXIV Pandectarum libros (in Latin). Lyon: Sébastien Gryphius. 1541.
- Annotationes in XXIV Pandectarum libros (in Latin). Lyon: Sébastien Gryphius. 1546.
De contemptu rerum fortuitarum libri tres, Paris, 1520
Epistolae, in 8vo, 1520
Libri V de Asse et partibus ejus (in Latin). Venice: Aldo Manuzio, eredi & Andrea Torresano. 1522.
Summaire ou Epitome du livre de Asse, Paris, 1522
De studio litterarum recte et commode instituendo, Paris, 1527
Commentarii linguae graecae, Paris, 1529
- Commentarii Linguae Græcae, Gulielmo Budaeo, consiliario Regio, supplicumque libellorum in Regia magistro, auctore. Ab eodem accuratè recogniti, atque amplius tertia parte aucti. Ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi Regii, Parisiis, 1548
De philologia, Paris, 1530
Libellorumque magistri in praetorio, altera aeditio annotationum in pandectas, Paris, Josse Bade, 1532
De Studio Literarum Recte Et Commode Instituendo. Item Eiusdem G. Budaei De Philologia Lib. II. Basileae, apud Ioan. Walderum, martio 1533
De transitu Hellenismi ad Christianismum libri tres, Paris, Robert Estienne, 1534
De l'institution du prince, in-folio, 1547
Opera omnia, 4 vol. in-folio, Basel, 1557

Family

Guillaume was the son of Jean Budé (d. 1502) and Catherine Le Picart. He married Roberte Le Lieur when she was about 15 years old.^[4] Their children included:^[5]

Dreux Budé (d. 1547), married Marthe Paillart
François (d. 1550)

Notes

^ ^a ^b Gerald Sandy (ed.), The Classical Heritage in France, Brill, 2002, p. 58.
^ "Guillaume Budé". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Budé, Guillaume". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 749–750.
^ McNeil, David O. (1975). Guillaume Bude and Humanism in the Reign of Francis I. Google Books: Geneve Librairie Droz. p. 7. ISBN 9782600030571. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
^ Sylie Charton le Clech, Chancellerie et Culture (1993), 324

References

Loys Leroy (or Regius), Vita G. Budaei (1540)
D. Rebitté, G. Budé, restaurateur des études grecques en France (1846)
E. de Budé, Vie de G. Budé (1884), who refutes the idea of his ancestor's Protestant views
D'Hozier, La Maison de Budé
L. Delaruelle, Études sur l'humanisme français (1907)
D. McNeil, Guillaume Budé and Humanism in the Reign of Francis I (1975)