Grevillea juncifolia

Grevillea juncifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. juncifolia
Binomial name
Grevillea juncifolia
Flowers

Grevillea juncifolia, commonly known as honeysuckle grevillea, honey grevillea, honeysuckle spider flower,[3] and many indigenous names, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to inland Australia. It is a bushy shrub or small tree with erect, linear leaves and clusters of bright yellow to orange flowers.

Description

Grevillea juncifolia is a bushy shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 2–7 m (6 ft 7 in – 23 ft 0 in) high and has woolly-hairy branchlets. Its leaves are linear, 100–300 mm (3.9–11.8 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide, or divided with more or less parallel lobes 15–220 mm (0.59–8.66 in) long. The edges of the leaves or lobes are rolled under with two parallel woolly-hairy grooves on the lower side. The flowers are arranged in branched clusters of fifteen to fifty on a rachis 50–170 mm (2.0–6.7 in) long and are bright yellow, sometimes orange, the pistil 18–27 mm (0.71–1.06 in) long. Flowering occurs in most months, with a peak from June to November and the fruit is a hairy follicle 15–29 mm (0.59–1.14 in) long.[4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

Grevillea juncifolia was first formally described in 1848 by English botanist William Jackson Hooker in Thomas Mitchell's Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia.[8][9] The specific epithet (juncifolia) means "rush-leaved".[10]

In 2008, Peter M. Olde and Neil R. Marriott described two subspecies of G. juncifolia in The Grevillea Book, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

  • Grevillea juncifolia Olde & Marriott subsp. juncifolia[11] has leaves that are mostly or all divided with divided leaves;[12]
  • Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta Olde & Marriott[13] has undivided, linear leaves.[14]

Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory give this grevillea many names including tharrkarr (Alyawarre), rrwerleng (Anmatyerre), irrwerlenge (Eastern Arrernte), tharrkarre (Kaytetye), ultukunpa (Pintupi Luritja), ultukunpa (Pitjantjatjara), jiriwuru (Warumungu) and walunarri (Warlpiri).[7]

Distribution and habitat

Honeysuckle grevillea grows in open shrubland or woodland on sandplains, stony hills and open plains, and occurs in inland Australia, in all mainland states and in the Northern Territory, but not in Victoria or Tasmania. Subspecies temulenta is restricted to Western Australia.

Uses

Indigenous Australians use this grevillea for food and medicine.[7]

Conservation status

This species of grevillea is listed as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as it has a very wide distribution and is not declining at a sufficient rate to warrant a higher threat category.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Olde, P.; Barker, W. (2020). "Grevillea juncifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T113022401A113308156. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113022401A113308156.en. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  3. ^ Philip A. Clarke (2012). Australian plants as Aboriginal Tools. Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 9781922013576.
  4. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  5. ^ Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea epicroca". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia". APNI. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  9. ^ Mitchell, Thomas Livingstone (1848). Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia. Sydney. p. 341. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  10. ^ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780958034180.
  11. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  12. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  14. ^ "Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grevillea juncifolia.