Gregory Winter

For the American journalist, see Greg Winter (journalist).

Sir
Gregory Winter
CBE FRS FMedSci
Winter in 2016
Master of Trinity College, Cambridge
In office
2012–2019
Preceded byBaron Rees of Ludlow
Succeeded byDame Sally Davies
Personal details
Born
Gregory Paul Winter

(1951-04-14) 14 April 1951 (age 73)
Leicester, Leicestershire, England
WebsiteLMB web page
EducationRoyal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge (MA, PhD)
Known forCambridge Antibody Technology
Domantis[4]
Bicycle Therapeutics[5]
Antibody engineering
AwardsColworth Medal (1986)
EMBO Member (1987)[1]
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1989)[2]
Knight Bachelor (2004)
Royal Medal (2011)
Prince Mahidol Award (2016)[3]
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2018)
Copley Medal (2024)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Imperial College London
ThesisThe amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1977)
Doctoral advisorBrian S. Hartley

Sir Gregory Paul Winter CBE FRS FMedSci (born 14 April 1951)[6][7] is a Nobel Prize-winning English molecular biologist best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. His research career has been based almost entirely at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, in Cambridge, England.

He is credited with having invented techniques to both humanize (1986) and, later, to fully humanize using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.[5][8][9][10][11][12][13] Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them.[6][14][15][16][17][18] For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.[19][20]

He is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge on 2 October 2012, remaining in office until 2019. From 2006 to 2011, he was Deputy Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, acting Director from 2007 to 2008 and Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic Acids Chemistry from 1994 to 2006. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to its closure in 2010.[21][22]

Education

Winter was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne.[6] He went on to study Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1973. He was awarded a PhD degree, from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, for research on the amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from the bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus in 1977[23] supervised by Brian S. Hartley.[24] Later, Winter completed a term of post-doctoral fellowship at Imperial College London, and another at the Institute of genetics in University of Cambridge.[25]

Career and research

Following his PhD, Winter completed postdoctoral research at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.[26][27] He continued to specialise in protein and nucleic acid sequencing and became a Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1981. He became interested in the idea that all antibodies have the same basic structure, with only small changes making them specific for one target. Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein had won the 1984 Nobel Prize for their work at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in discovering a method to isolate and reproduce individual, or monoclonal, antibodies from among the multitude of different antibody proteins that the immune system makes to seek and destroy foreign invaders attacking the body.[28] These monoclonal antibodies had limited application in human medicine, because mouse monoclonal antibodies are rapidly inactivated by the human immune response, which prevents them from providing long-term benefits.

Winter pioneered a technique to "humanise" mouse monoclonal antibodies; a technique used in the development of Campath-1H  by the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and University of Cambridge scientists.[29] This antibody now looks promising for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Humanized monoclonal antibodies form the majority of antibody-based drugs on the market today and include several blockbuster antibodies, such as Keytruda.

Winter founded Cambridge Antibody Technology in 1989,[30][31] and Bicycle Therapeutics.[32][33] He worked on the Scientific Advisory Board of Covagen,[34][35] (now part of Cilag) and is also the chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board for Biosceptre International Limited.

In 1989, Winter was a founder of Cambridge Antibody Technology, one of the early commercial biotech companies involved in antibody engineering. One of the most successful antibody drugs developed was HUMIRA (adalimumab), which was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology as D2E7, and developed and marketed by Abbott Laboratories. HUMIRA, an antibody to TNF alpha, was the world's first fully human antibody,[36] which went on to become the world's top selling pharmaceutical with sales of over $18Bn in 2017[37] Cambridge Antibody Technology was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2006 for £702m.[38]

In 2000, Winter founded Domantis to pioneer the use of domain antibodies, which use only the active portion of a full-sized antibody. Domantis was acquired by the pharmaceutical GlaxoSmithKline in December 2006 for £230 million.[4][39]

Winter subsequently founded another company, Bicycle Therapeutics Limited as a start up company which is developing very small protein mimics based on a covalently bonded hydrophobic core.[40]

Awards and honours

Greg Winter during Nobel press conference in Stockholm, December 2018

Winter was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990[41] and awarded the Royal Medal by the society in 2011 "for his pioneering work in protein engineering and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and his contributions as an inventor and entrepreneur".[42] He was given the Scheele Award in 1994.

In 1995, Winter won several international awards including the King Faisal International Prize for Medicine (Molecular Immunology) and in 1999, the Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award. Winter was formerly the Joint Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic acid Chemistry-Biotechnology, and was Deputy Director,[43] at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, an institution funded by the UK Medical Research Council. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC's Centre for Protein Engineering until its absorption into the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.[44] Winter was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1997 and Knight Bachelor in 2004. He served as Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2012 to 2019.[45][46] In 2015 he received the Wilhelm Exner Medal.[47]

Along with George Smith, Winter was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 3 October 2018 for his work on phage displays for antibodies (while Frances Arnold received the other half of the prize that same year "for the directed evolution of enzymes").[19] In 2020 he was featured on The Times' 'Science Power List'.[48][49] In 2024 he received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society.[50]

References

  1. ^ "EMBO MEMBER: Gregory P. Winter". people.embo.org.
  2. ^ "Doctor Gregory P. WINTER | Jeantet". 1 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Announcement of the Prince Mahidol Award 2016". princemahidolaward.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  4. ^ a b "GSK snaps up Domantis to move into biotech field". The Independent. 9 December 2006.
  5. ^ a b The Scientific Founders Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine of Bicycle Therapeutics Ltd. – Christian Heinis and Sir Greg Winter, FRS.
  6. ^ a b c "WINTER, Sir Gregory (Paul)". Who's Who. Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Sir Gregory P. Winter – Facts – 2018". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. ^ McCafferty, J.; Griffiths, A.; Winter, G.; Chiswell, D. (1990). "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains". Nature. 348 (6301): 552–554. Bibcode:1990Natur.348..552M. doi:10.1038/348552a0. PMID 2247164. S2CID 4258014.
  9. ^ "Trinity College Cambridge". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
  10. ^ Gregory Winter's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  11. ^ Winter, G; Griffiths, A. D.; Hawkins, R. E.; Hoogenboom, H. R. (1994). "Making antibodies by phage display technology". Annual Review of Immunology. 12: 433–455. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002245. PMID 8011287.
  12. ^ Griffiths, A. D.; Williams, S. C.; Hartley, O; Tomlinson, I. M.; Waterhouse, P; Crosby, W. L.; Kontermann, R. E.; Jones, P. T.; Low, N. M.; Allison, T. J. (1994). "Isolation of high affinity human antibodies directly from large synthetic repertoires". The EMBO Journal. 13 (14): 3245–60. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06626.x. PMC 395221. PMID 8045255.
  13. ^ Hoogenboom, H. R.; Griffiths, A. D.; Johnson, K. S.; Chiswell, D. J.; Hudson, P.; Winter, G. (1991). "Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: Methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains". Nucleic Acids Research. 19 (15): 4133–4137. doi:10.1093/nar/19.15.4133. PMC 328552. PMID 1908075.
  14. ^ Anon (2011). "The inventor of humanized monoclonal antibodies and cofounder of Cambridge Antibody Technology, Greg Winter, muses on the future of antibody therapeutics and UK life science innovation". Nature Biotechnology. 29 (3): 190. doi:10.1038/nbt.1815. PMID 21390009. S2CID 205275386.
  15. ^ Winter, G.; Fields, S.; Brownlee, G. G. (1981). "Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of a human influenza virus H1 subtype". Nature. 292 (5818): 72–5. Bibcode:1981Natur.292...72W. doi:10.1038/292072a0. PMID 7278968. S2CID 4312205. Closed access icon
  16. ^ Fields, S.; Winter, G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1981). "Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/PR/8/34". Nature. 290 (5803): 213–7. Bibcode:1981Natur.290..213F. doi:10.1038/290213a0. PMID 7010182. S2CID 8051512. Closed access icon
  17. ^ Riechmann, L.; Clark, M.; Waldmann, H.; Winter, G. (1988). "Reshaping human antibodies for therapy". Nature. 332 (6162): 323–7. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..323R. doi:10.1038/332323a0. PMID 3127726. S2CID 4335569. Closed access icon
  18. ^ Marks, J. D.; Hoogenboom, H. R.; Bonnert, T. P.; McCafferty, J.; Griffiths, A. D.; Winter, G. (1991). "By-passing immunization". Journal of Molecular Biology. 222 (3): 581–97. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90498-U. PMID 1748994. Closed access icon
  19. ^ a b "Live blog: direction evolution takes chemistry Nobel prize". Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 – live". The Guardian. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  21. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter Chairman". Archived from the original on 29 January 2012.
  22. ^ "Greg Winter wins 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  23. ^ Winter, Gregory Paul (1976). The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl RNA synthetase from bacillus stearothermophilus (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500591023. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.477727.
  24. ^ Winter, G. P.; Hartley, B. S. (1977). "The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA Synthetase fromBacillus stearothermophilus". FEBS Letters. 80 (2): 340–342. Bibcode:1977FEBSL..80..340W. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(77)80471-7. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 891985. S2CID 39202845.
  25. ^ "King Faisal Prize | Professor Sir Gregory P. Winter". kingfaisalprize.org. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Scientific Advisory Board". Heptares. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  27. ^ {{Google Scholar ID}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.
  28. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  29. ^ "Therapeutic Antibodies – MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  30. ^ "Greg Winter". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.
  31. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter | Royal Society".
  32. ^ Gregory Winter (8 May 2001). "Gregory Winter: Executive Profile & Biography – Businessweek". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 5 April 2013.[dead link‍]
  33. ^ "www.bicycletherapeutics.com". bicycletherapeutics.com. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  34. ^ "Covagen AG | September 2011: Sir Gregory Winter joins Covagen's Scientific Advisory Board". Covagen.com. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  35. ^ "Covagen AG | Scientific Advisory Board". Covagen.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  36. ^ Lawrence, Stacy (2007). "Billion dollar babies—biotech drugs as blockbusters". Nature Biotechnology. 25 (4): 380–2. doi:10.1038/nbt0407-380. PMID 17420735. S2CID 205266758. Closed access icon
  37. ^ "Global Pharmaceutical 2017 Industry Statistics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  38. ^ http://www.astrazeneca.com/media/latest-press-releases/2006/5266?itemId=3891617 Archived 2 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ GSK is to buy Domantis – a company based on discoveries by MRC scientists Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine LMB webpage
  40. ^ Heinis, C.; Rutherford, T.; Freund, S.; Winter, G. (2009). "Phage-encoded combinatorial chemical libraries based on bicyclic peptides". Nature Chemical Biology. 5 (7): 502–507. doi:10.1038/nchembio.184. PMID 19483697. Closed access icon
  41. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter CBE FMedSci FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
  42. ^ "Royal Society announces 2011 Copley Medal recipient". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  43. ^ "LMB Structure". Archived from the original on 23 February 2008.
  44. ^ "Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering". Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  45. ^ "Sir Gregory Winter CBE FRS appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge University". 10 Downing Street. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Master of Trinity College, Cambridge &' events". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  47. ^ Sir Gregory Winter, retrieved on 17 March 2020 in Wilhelmexner.org
  48. ^ Franklin-Wallis, Oliver (23 May 2020). "From pandemics to cancer: the science power list". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  49. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018". Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  50. ^ Copley Medal 2024

 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Scholia has an author profile for Gregory Winter.
  • Gregory Winter on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2018 Harnessing Evolution to Make Medicines

Read other articles:

Filip Kljajić

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Filip KljajićInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Filip KljajićTanggal lahir 16 Agustus 1990 (umur 33)Tempat lahir Beograd, SerbiaTinggi 1,97 m (6 ft 5+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2008�...

 

 

Contea di Trempealeau

Questa voce sull'argomento contee del Wisconsin è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contea di TrempealeauconteaLocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Wisconsin AmministrazioneCapoluogoWhitehall Data di istituzione1854 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo44°22′03″N 91°19′00″W / 44.3675°N 91.316667°W44.3675; -91.316667 (Contea di Trempealeau)Coordinate: 44°22′03″N 91°19′00″W / &#...

 

 

Russian Gyroplanes Gyros-2 Smartflier

Russian gyroplane Gyros-2 Smartflier Role AutogyroType of aircraft National origin Russia Manufacturer Russian Gyroplanes Status In production (2017) The Russian Gyroplanes Gyros-2 Smartflier is a Russian autogyro designed and produced by Russian Gyroplanes of Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.[1] Design and development The Gyros-2 was designed for a variety of roles, including aerial application, courier, forestry patrol, search and rescue, ...

Furiani

Furiani Vue du village. Administration Pays France Collectivité territoriale unique Corse Circonscription départementale Haute-Corse Arrondissement Bastia Intercommunalité Communauté d'agglomération de Bastia Maire Mandat Pierre-Michel Simonpietri 2020-2026 Code postal 20600 Code commune 2B120 Démographie Gentilé Furianais Populationmunicipale 6 032 hab. (2021 ) Densité 326 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 42° 39′ 32″ nord, 9° 24′ 54�...

 

 

Elise M. Boulding

Norwegian-American sociologist of peace studies (1920–2010) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Elise M. Boulding – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Elise M. BouldingBoulding in an unknown dateBorn(1920-07-06)6 July 1920...

 

 

St. Anthony of Padua Church (Manhattan)

40°43′38″N 74°00′05″W / 40.727302°N 74.00141°W / 40.727302; -74.00141 Church in New York , United StatesSt. Anthony of Padua ChurchThis photo shows the decorated Sullivan Street facade (right) and the plain Houston Street side, which was originally hidden by tenement buildings (left)Location154 Sullivan Street,New York, New York 10012CountryUnited StatesDenominationCatholic ChurchReligious instituteOrder of Friars MinorWebsitehttp://www.stanthonynyc.org/His...

Piala Super Saudi 2020

Piala Super Saudi Berain 2020TurnamenPiala Super Saudi Al-Hilal Al-Nassr Liga Pro Piala Raja 0 3 Tanggal30 Januari 2021 (2021-01-30)StadionStadion Internasional Raja Fahd, RiyadhWasitDaniele Orsato (Italia)[1]Penonton0[note 1]CuacaBerawan15 °C (59 °F)Kelembapan35%← 2019 2021 → Piala Super Saudi 2020 (juga dikenal sebagai Piala Super Saudi Berain untuk alasan sponsor) adalah edisi ke-7 Piala Super Saudi, pertandingan sepak bola tahunan yang dimainka...

 

 

Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve

Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve Gray fox kit at the Palo Alto Baylands in California Thorny Wild California rose shelters a gray fox den in the Palo Alto Baylands along Matadero Creek. The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve, known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 ac...

 

 

Linda Wagenmakers

Linda WagenmakersLinda Wagenmakers, 2021Lahir30 November 1975 (umur 48)Arnhem, BelandaPekerjaanPenyanyi, pengisi suara Linda Wagenmakers, 2009 Linda Wagenmakers (lahir 30 November 1975) adalah seorang penyanyi dan pengisi suara asal Belanda. Dia memulai karirnya pada usia 21 sebagai Kim dalam musikal Miss Saigon versi belanda.[1][2] Referensi ^ Linda Wagenmakers | Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku. EuroVisionary. 2000-05-13. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal Mar...

Халкидонское христианство

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

 

 

Football League Two 2012-2013

Football League Two 2012-2013Npower League Two 2012-2013 Competizione Football League Two Sport Calcio Edizione 55ª (9ª come League Two) Organizzatore Football League Date dal 18 agosto 2012al 18 maggio 2013 Luogo  Inghilterra Galles Partecipanti 24 Formula girone all'italiana+play-off Risultati Vincitore Gillingham(2º titolo) Altre promozioni Rotherham United Port Vale Bradford City (dopo play off) Retrocessioni Aldershot Town Barnet Statistiche Miglior marcatore T...

 

 

Ghiacciaio continentale

Questa pagina sull'argomento geologia sembra trattare argomenti unificabili alla pagina Calotta di ghiaccio. Puoi contribuire unendo i contenuti in una pagina unica. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Un ghiacciaio continentale, o indlandsis (dallo svedese inland entroterra» e is «ghiaccio), è una massa di acqua ghiacciata che ricopre la terraferma e la cui estensione è superiore ai 50000 km². Indice 1 Caratteristiche 2 Ghiacciaio continentale antartico 3 Ghiacc...

Данио-рерио

Данио-рерио Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеГруппа:Костные рыбыКласс:Лучепёрые рыбыПодкласс:Новопёрые рыбыИн�...

 

 

莫里斯·顾夫·德姆维尔

莫里斯·顾夫·德姆维尔法国总理任期1968年7月10日—1969年6月20日总统夏尔·戴高乐阿兰·波厄（英语：Alain Poher） (代理)前任乔治·蓬皮杜继任雅克·沙邦-戴尔马外交部长任期1958年6月1日—1968年5月30日总统勒内·科蒂夏尔·戴高乐总理米歇尔·德勃雷乔治·蓬皮杜前任勒内·普利文继任米歇尔·德勃雷 个人资料出生1907年1月24日兰斯逝世1999年12月24日(1999歲—12—24)（92歲）巴黎职业�...

 

 

Forza centripeta

Un corpo che si muove di moto circolare uniforme necessita di una forza centripeta in direzione dell'asse, come in figura, per rimanere nel suo percorso circolare. Una forza è centripeta se è ortogonale alla traiettoria descritta dal corpo su cui è applicata, ovvero se è normale al vettore velocità.[1] Dunque, in un sistema di riferimento rispetto al quale il corpo sia in quiete, essa non è definita. In particolare in meccanica classica, le interazioni tra corpi vengono descritt...

Yuki Matsumoto (baseball)

Japanese baseball player Baseball player Yuki MatsumotoMatsumoto with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks.Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – No. 66PitcherBorn: (1996-04-14) April 14, 1996 (age 28)Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanBats: LeftThrows: RightNPB debutSeptember 30, 2016, for the Fukuoka SoftBank HawksNPB statistics (through 2022 season)Win–loss record14-14ERA3.61Holds50Strikeouts302 Teams Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (2015–present) Career highlights and awards Japan Series champion (202...

 

 

Thomas Weller

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Weller. Thomas WellerBiographieNaissance 15 juin 1915Ann Arbor dans le MichiganDécès 23 août 2008Needham dans le MassachusettsNom dans la langue maternelle Thomas Huckle WellerNationalité américaineFormation Harvard Medical SchoolCollège de la littérature, des sciences et des arts de l'université du Michigan (en)Pioneer High School (en)Activités Biologiste, virologue, médecinAutres informationsA travaillé pour Université HarvardMembre de Académi...

 

 

Norse mythology

Mythology of the North Germanic peoples For the historical religious tradition belonging to the North Germanic peoples, see Old Norse religion. For the book by Neil Gaiman, see Norse Mythology (book). The Tjängvide image stone with illustrations from Norse mythology Mythology Mythologies Albanian Arabian Armenian Aboriginal Australian Berber Baltic (Latvian - Lithuanian - Prussian) Basque Bantu Brazilian Buddhist Catalan Cantabrian Celtic Breton Cornish Irish Scottish Welsh Chinese Efik Egyp...

Leonid Andreyev

Russian playwright and writer (1871–1919) For the Uzbekistani athlete, see Leonid Andreev (athlete). Leonid AndreyevAutochrome self-portrait, published in 1912BornLeonid Nikolaievich Andreyev(1871-08-21)21 August 1871Oryol, Oryol Governorate, Russian EmpireDied12 September 1919(1919-09-12) (aged 48)Mustamäki, FinlandNationalityRussianAlma materImperial Moscow University (1897)Period1890s–1910sGenreFiction, DramaLiterary movementRealism • Naturalism • Symbolism • Expressio...

 

 

Cohomology

Sequences of abelian groups attached with topological spaces In mathematics, specifically in homology theory and algebraic topology, cohomology is a general term for a sequence of abelian groups, usually one associated with a topological space, often defined from a cochain complex. Cohomology can be viewed as a method of assigning richer algebraic invariants to a space than homology. Some versions of cohomology arise by dualizing the construction of homology. In other words, cochains are func...