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Greater tubercle
Greater tubercle
	Left humerus. Anterior view. (Greater tubercle visible at right.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	tuberculum majus humeri
TA98	A02.4.04.005
TA2	1184
FMA	23390
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the outward part the upper end of that bone, adjacent to the large rounded prominence of the humerus head. It provides attachment points for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles, three of the four muscles of the rotator cuff, a muscle group that stabilizes the shoulder joint. In doing so the tubercle acts as a location for the transfer of forces from the rotator cuff muscles to the humerus.

Structure

Attachments of Greater Tubercle — Attachments of greater tubercle

The upper surface of the greater tubercle is rounded, and marked by three flat impressions:

the highest ("superior facet") gives insertion to the supraspinatus muscle.
the middle ("middle facet") gives insertion to the infraspinatus muscle.
the lowest ("inferior facet"), and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm, gives insertion to the teres minor muscle.

The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body of the humerus. It can be described as having a cranial and a caudal part.^[1]

Between the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle is the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus).

Greater Tubercle of Right Humerus — Rear view of the greater tubercle of right humerus

Function

All three of the muscles that attach to the greater tubercle are part of the rotator cuff, a muscle group that stabilizes the shoulder joint. The greater tubercle therefore acts as a location for the transfer of forces from the rotator cuff muscles to the humerus.

The fourth muscle of the rotator cuff (subscapularis muscle) does not attach to the greater tubercle, but instead attaches to the lesser tubercle.

Clinical significance

The greater tubercle is usually the easiest part of the humerus to palpate.^[2] It can be a useful surface landmark during surgery.^[2]

Additional images

Human arm bones diagram

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 209 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Glass, Kati G.; Watkins, Jeffrey P. (2019-01-01), Auer, Jörg A.; Stick, John A.; Kümmerle, Jan M.; Prange, Timo (eds.), "Chapter 97 - Humerus", Equine Surgery (Fifth Edition), W.B. Saunders, pp. 1690–1699, ISBN 978-0-323-48420-6, retrieved 2021-01-08
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Kenneth A. (2014-01-01), Johnson, Kenneth A. (ed.), "Section 5 - The Forelimb", Piermattei's Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat (Fifth Edition), St. Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 158–309, ISBN 978-1-4377-1634-4, retrieved 2021-01-08

External links

Anatomy figure: 03:02-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Anatomy figure: 05:01-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Anatomy figure: 10:02-13 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
aplab^{[dead link‍]} - BioWeb at University of Wisconsin System

[:0-1] Glass, Kati G.; Watkins, Jeffrey P. (2019-01-01), Auer, Jörg A.; Stick, John A.; Kümmerle, Jan M.; Prange, Timo (eds.), "Chapter 97 - Humerus", Equine Surgery (Fifth Edition), W.B. Saunders, pp. 1690–1699, ISBN 978-0-323-48420-6, retrieved 2021-01-08

[:1-2] Johnson, Kenneth A. (2014-01-01), Johnson, Kenneth A. (ed.), "Section 5 - The Forelimb", Piermattei's Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat (Fifth Edition), St. Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 158–309, ISBN 978-1-4377-1634-4, retrieved 2021-01-08

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