Grande Écurie

Great Stable
Grande Écurie
The Grande Écurie at the Palace of Versailles, taken from the Pavillon Dufour.
Map
48°48′14″N 2°7′42″E / 48.80389°N 2.12833°E / 48.80389; 2.12833
LocationFrance, île de France, Yvelines, Versailles
DesignerJules Hardouin-Mansart
Beginning date1682

The Grande Écurie (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d ekyʁi], Great Stable) is a building located in Versailles (Yvelines), on the Place d'Armes, opposite the Palace, between the avenues of Saint-Cloud and Paris. Together with the Petite Écurie (literal French for "The Small Stable"), it formed the Royal Stables (an institution that employed around a thousand people[note 1] under Louis XIV), and was built under the direction of architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart and completed in 1682.[1]

Equipped with a riding hall, it housed the king's hunting and war horses.[2]

History

The Grande Écurie replaced the King's stable, which then became the Queen's stable.

Identical to the Petite Écurie, from which it is separated by the Avenue de Paris, under the Old Regime, the Great Stable was under the orders of the Grand Squire of France and housed the school for the King's Pages. Between 1680 and 1830, the Grande Écurie was also home to the École de Versailles (literal French for "the Versailles School"), the cradle of French learned horsemanship.[citation needed]

Between 1793 and 1794, the emblem on the pediment was removed.[1]

From 1854, the stables were occupied by the army.[3]

By decree of 20 August 1913, the facades overlooking the main courtyard and the avenues of Paris and Saint-Cloud, the facades of the two pavilions, and the gates bordering the Place d'Armes were classified as historic monuments.[4]

For the first time, the Palace of Versailles organized an international show jumping competition from 5 to 7 May 2017 in the courtyard of the Grande Écurie.[5]

Establishments housed at the Grande Écurie

  • Galerie des Carrosses (Gallery of Coaches): In 1978, the museum was transferred from the Petit Trianon to the Grande Écurie. It was closed for expansion in 2006 and reopened in 2016.
  • Equestrian Academy: in 2002, the Palace of Versailles returned these premises to their original function by choosing Bartabas, horseman and founder of the Zingaro equestrian show. The architect Patrick Bouchain was commissioned to refurbish the rectangular riding arena, where the Académie Équestre Nationale du Domaine de Versailles was inaugurated in 2003.
  • Versailles municipal archives.[6]
  • From 1957 to 2003: Department archives of Yvelines.
  • From 2024, a campus for arts and crafts will be created here in partnership with ENSAD.[7][8]

Architecture

The buildings are arranged around five courtyards:

  • The main courtyard, bordered by a semi-circular colonnade and two symmetrical wings.
  • The two middle courtyards framed at the rear.
  • The two small side courtyards known as the "manure courtyards".[9]

Behind the main gate, there was a rectangular riding arena, which is now home to the Académie Équestre Nationale du Domaine de Versailles.[10]

The galleries are single in the Great Stable, while the Small Stable has double galleries separated by colonnades. The ceilings of the galleries are vaulted.

The visible walls of the Palace are made of stone, while the less visible walls are made of red brick with stone facing.

The building has rectangular windows on the first floor and dormer windows in the attic.

Sculptures can be seen on the pediment, tympanum, and jambs of the main gate.

Side entrances look out onto Avenue de Saint-Cloud and Avenue de Paris.

In 2016, to mark the reopening of the Gallery of Coaches, the "King's Stable" sign was installed on the gate.

  • Perspective view of the Petite and Grande Écurie from the Place d'Armes in 1688.
    Perspective view of the Petite and Grande Écurie from the Place d'Armes in 1688.
  • The "King's Stables" gate.
    The "King's Stables" gate.
  • The colonnade.
    The colonnade.
  • The stable of the Versailles Equestrian Academy.
    The stable of the Versailles Equestrian Academy.
  • One of the courtyards at the rear.
    One of the courtyards at the rear.
  • Behind the theatre of the Equestrian Academy, The trompe-l'œil
    Behind the theatre of the Equestrian Academy, The trompe-l'œil
  • The gallery of coaches
    The gallery of coaches

The Grande Écurie in Culture

Notes

  1. ^ Squires, pages, footmen, coachmen, grooms, blacksmiths, cartwrights, saddlers, doctors, surgeons, chaplains, musicians, etc

References

  1. ^ a b "Review: Versailles décor sculpté extérieur, by Béatrix Saule and Les Grands Appartements de Versailles sous Louis XIV. Catalogue des décors peints, by Nicolas Milovanovic". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 66 (2): 272–274. 2007-06-01. doi:10.1525/jsah.2007.66.2.272. ISSN 0037-9808.
  2. ^ Vézina, Raymond (1979). "Exposition Joseph Légaré. Joseph Légaré, 1795-1855. Une exposition présentée à la Galerie nationale du Canada, Ottawa (22 septembre–29 octobre 1978), au Musée des beaux-arts de l'Ontario, Toronto (25 novembre 1978–7 janvier 1979), au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal (1 février–15 mars 1979) et au Musée du Québec (12 avril–20 mai 1979)". RACAR: Revue d'art canadienne. 6 (1): 43. doi:10.7202/1077143ar. ISSN 0315-9906.
  3. ^ Maral, Alexandre (2014). Versailles: côté ville, côté jardins neuf promenades d'art et d'histoire. Paris: le Passage. ISBN 978-2-84742-233-7.
  4. ^ Calleja-Roque, Isabelle (2020), "Les grandes oubliées du corpus officiel", Molière, un héros national de l’École, UGA Éditions, pp. 235–256, doi:10.4000/books.ugaeditions.12188, ISBN 9782377471713, S2CID 226483531, retrieved 2023-07-02
  5. ^ zum Kolk, Caroline (2014), "Paris et Versailles dans le récit de voyage de Sophie von La Roche : un regard féminin sur la cour et la société française à l'aube de la Révolution (1785)", Voyageurs étrangers à la cour de France, 1589-1789, Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp. 259–274, doi:10.4000/books.pur.51700, ISBN 978-2-7535-3483-4, retrieved 2023-07-02
  6. ^ Versailles, Ville de. "Accueil". Ville de Versailles (in French). Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  7. ^ La Moureyre, Françoise de (2008-06-16). "Réflexions sur le style des statues aux façades du château de Versailles". Bulletin du Centre de recherche du château de Versailles. doi:10.4000/crcv.992. ISSN 1958-9271.
  8. ^ Baumert, Nicolas (2019-10-30), "Chapitre 3. Les métiers du saké: vers un retour aux sources ?", Les métiers de la vigne et du vin, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, pp. 67–85, doi:10.3917/pug.olive.2019.01.0067, ISBN 9782706144042, S2CID 242261281, retrieved 2023-07-03
  9. ^ Delalex, Hélène; Saule, Béatrix (2016). La galerie des carrosses: Château de Versailles. Versailles, Paris: Château de Versailles Artlys. ISBN 978-2-85495-641-2.
  10. ^ Barbier de Reulle, Caroline (2022). "Stravinski et Bartabas. Résonances et symboles pour le théâtre équestre". Revue musicale OICRM. 9 (1): 114. doi:10.7202/1090517ar. ISSN 2368-7061. S2CID 252721152.

Bibliography

  • Édouard de Barthélemy (2023). Les grands écuyers et la grande écurie de France (128 pages (nouvelle édition d'après l'édition originale de 1868) ed.). Nantes: A. de la Pinsonnais éditeur. ISBN 978-2494653085.
  • Félix de France d'Hézecques (1998). Souvenirs d'un page de la cour de Louis XVI ((réimpr de l'éd. de Paris, Didier, 1873) ed.). Paris: G. Monfort. pp. IV-360.
  • Gaston de Carné (1886). Les Pages des écuries du roi, l'école des pages. Nantes. pp. XI-207.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • François Bluche (1966). Les Pages de la Grande Écurie (3rd ed.). Paris: Les Cahiers nobles. pp. 28–30.
  • Hélène Delalex (2016). La Galerie des Carrosses, Château de Versailles. Artlys.
  • Lucien Bély (dir.) (2015). Dictionnaire Louis XIV (coll. "Bouquins" ed.). Paris: éditions Robert Laffont. p. 1405. ISBN 978-2-221-12482-6.