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Grace Human

Grace Human (née Black, 1863–1934) was an English socialist and portrait artist.

Biography

Human was born in 1863.[1] Her father was the solicitor, town clerk and coroner David Black (1817–1892) of Brighton, son of a naval architect to Czar Nicholas I of Russia.[2] Her mother was Clara Maria Patten (1825–1875), daughter of portrait and history painter George Patten (1801–1865).[3] Her father became paralysed in 1873, and two years later in 1875 her mother died from a heart attack after lifting him from his chair to his bed. After this, she was educated and raised by her eldest sister, Constance.[4]

Human was one of eight children and among her siblings were the mathematician Arthur Black (1851–1893),[5] Russian literature translator Constance Garnett (1861–1946),[3] labour organiser and novelist Clementina Black (1853–1922),[2] and painter Emma Black.[6]

Human was part of the social circle of George Bernard Shaw, and married the socialist engineer Edwin Human. In 1895, she travelled to Ceylon with her husband and became interested in theosophy.[7]

As an artist, Human sketched portraits of activist Eleanor Marx,[1][8] and social worker Nellie Benson.[1]

She died in 1934.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Grace Black (later Grace Human)". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
  2. ^ a b "Clementina Black". Women of Brighton. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
  3. ^ a b Morales, Patricia. "Patten, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21570. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ Remnick, David (30 October 2005). "The Translation Wars". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
  5. ^ "AIM25 entry on Arthur Black". Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  6. ^ Livesey, Ruth (18 October 2007). Socialism, Sex, and the Culture of Aestheticism in Britain, 1880-1914. British Academy. p. 229. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197263983.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-726398-3.
  7. ^ Livesey, Ruth (18 October 2007), "Legacies: Socialism, Aesthetics, and the Modernist Generation", in Livesey, Ruth (ed.), Socialism, Sex, and the Culture of Aestheticism in Britain, 1880-1914, British Academy, p. 0, doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197263983.003.0008, ISBN 978-0-19-726398-3, retrieved 13 April 2025
  8. ^ Gibbin, Izzy. "Love and tragedy in the British Library: The story of Eleanor Marx and Edward Aveling Part 1". British Library. Retrieved 13 April 2025.

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