Governorate of New Castile Gobernación de Nueva Castilla
1529–1542
Military flag
Spanish map of the administrative division of New Castile made in 1535
Status	Governorate of the Crown of Castile
Capital	Jauja 1533–1535 Lima after 1535
Common languages	Official: Spanish; common: Quechua, Kichwa, Aymara, Puquina.
Religion	Catholicism
Government	Monarchy
King
• 1516–1556	Charles I
Governor
• 1529–1541	Francisco Pizarro
• 1541–1544	Cristóbal Vaca de Castro
• 1544–1548	Gonzalo Pizarro (Self-proclaimed; unrecognized by Spanish court until death)
Historical era	Spanish empire
• Capitulation of Toledo	1529
• Atahualpa captured by the Spaniards	1532
• Fall of Cuzco	1533
• Appointment of Francisco Pizarro as Viceroy of Peru	1542
Currency	Spanish dollar
Preceded by Succeeded by Inca Empire Chanka Cañari Huanca people Chachapoya culture Asháninka Indigenous peoples of the Americas Viceroyalty of Peru

The Governorate of New Castile (Gobernación de Nueva Castilla, pronounced [ɡoβeɾnaˈθjon de ˈnweβa kasˈtiʎa])^[1] was the gubernatorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1529 by King Charles I of Spain, of which he was appointed governor.

The region roughly consisted of modern Peru and was, after the foundation of Lima in 1535, divided. The conquest of the Inca Empire in 1531–1533, performed by Pizarro and his brothers set the basis for the territorial boundaries of New Castile.

After the territorial division of South America between Spain and Portugal, the Peruvian Hispanic administration was divided into six entities:

• Province of Tierra Firme, included the Caribbean Coast, Central America, the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Mexico.
• Governorate of New Castile, consisting of the territories from roughly the Ecuadorian-Colombian border in the north to Cuzco in the south.
• Governorate of New Toledo, forming the previous southern half of the Inca empire, stretching towards central Chile.
• Governorate of New Andalusia, which was not formally conquered by Spain until decades later.
• Governorate of New León, the southernmost part of the continent as far as the Strait of Magellan.
• Governorate of Terra Australis, territories from the south of the Strait of Magellan to the South Pole.

This territorial division set the basis for the Hispanic administration of South America for several decades. It was formally dissolved in 1544, when King Charles I sent his personal envoy, Blasco Núñez Vela, to govern the newly founded Viceroyalty of Peru that replaced the governorates.

• List of viceroys of Peru
• Nueva Castilla in the Spanish East Indies
• Spanish colonization of the Americas
• Spanish Empire
• Viceroyalty of Peru

• Ushistory.org/civ/11c.asp

12°02′36″S 77°01′42″W / 12.04333°S 77.02833°W / -12.04333; -77.02833