Government of Pennsylvania

Government of Pennsylvania
Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Polity typePresidential System
ConstitutionConstitution of Pennsylvania
Legislative branch
NameGeneral Assembly
TypeBicameral
Meeting placePennsylvania State Capitol
Upper house
Name Senate
Presiding officerAustin Davis, President
Lower house
Name House of Representatives
Presiding officerJoanna McClinton, Speaker
Executive branch
Head of state and government
TitleGovernor
CurrentlyJosh Shapiro
AppointerElection
Cabinet
Name Cabinet
LeaderGovernor
Deputy leader Lieutenant Governor
HeadquartersState Capitol
Judicial branch
NameJudiciary of Pennsylvania
CourtsCourts of Pennsylvania
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Chief judgeDebra Todd
SeatPittsburgh, Philadelphia, Harrisburg

The Government of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is the governmental structure of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as established by the Pennsylvania Constitution. It is composed of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The state capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg.

Executive branch

The elected officers are:

In Pennsylvania the term for all elected members of the executive branch is four years, with a maximum of two terms. All members of the executive branch are not on the ballot in the same year: elections for governor and lieutenant governor are held in even years when there is not a presidential election, while the other three statewide offices are elected in presidential election years.

Departments

Further information: List of Pennsylvania state agencies

The Governor's Cabinet comprises the directors of various Commonwealth agencies:[1]

The Health and Welfare Building within the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex

The Pennsylvania Bulletin is the weekly gazette containing proposed, enacted and emergency rules and other notices and important documents, which are codified in the Pennsylvania Code.[2][3]

Legislature

Main article: Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania State Capitol

The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the bicameral state legislature composed of 253 members: the House of Representatives with 203 members,[4] and the Senate with 50 members.[5] The Speaker of the House of Representatives or their designated speaker pro tempore holds sessions of the House. The President of the Senate is the Lieutenant Governor, who has no vote except in the event of tie in the Senate, where the vote is 25-25. The legislature meets in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg. Its session laws are published in the official Laws of Pennsylvania,[6] which are codified in the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes.[7][8] Members of the Senate and the House cannot hold a position in any civic office, and both the houses may expel a member with two-thirds vote. Any member who is expelled for corruption may never run again for reelection in either portion of the legislature.[9]

Judicial branch

Main article: Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania Judicial Center within the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex

Pennsylvania is divided into 60 judicial districts,[10] most of which (except Philadelphia) have magisterial district judges (formerly called district justices and justices of the peace), who preside mainly over minor criminal offenses and small civil claims. Magisterial District Judges also preside over preliminary hearings in all misdemeanor and felony criminal cases.[10] Most criminal and civil cases originate in the Courts of Common Pleas, which also serve as appellate courts to the district judges and for local agency decisions.[10] The Superior Court hears all appeals from the Courts of Common Pleas not expressly designated to the Commonwealth Court or Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. It also has original jurisdiction to review warrants for wiretap surveillance.[10] The Commonwealth Court is limited to appeals from final orders of certain state agencies and certain designated cases from the Courts of Common Pleas.[10] The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the final appellate court. All judges in Pennsylvania are elected; the chief justice is determined by seniority.[10]

In total, 439 judges preside over the Court of Common Pleas, 9 judges preside over the Commonwealth Court, 15 judges preside over the Superior Court, and 7 justices preside over the Supreme Court. Elected judges run in 10 year terms, at which point they are required to run in a non-partisan retention election if they wish to continue to serve.[11]

Local government

Main article: Local government in Pennsylvania
See also: Government of Philadelphia and Government of Pittsburgh

Local government in Pennsylvania consists of five types of local governments: county, township, borough, city, and school district.[12] All of Pennsylvania is included in one of the state's 67 counties and each county is then divided into one of the state's 2,562 municipalities. There are no independent cities or unincorporated territory within Pennsylvania. Local municipalities are either governed by statutes enacted by the Pennsylvania Legislature and administered through the Pennsylvania Code, by a home rule charter or optional form of government adopted by the municipality with consent of the Legislature.[13] Municipalities may enact and enforce local ordinances.[14]

Pennsylvania enacted the Local Government Commission in 1935, by an Act of Assembly. The commission is one of the oldest in the country, composed of five members of the state Senate and House of Representatives who are appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House. The commission provides assistance to Members of the General Assembly on researching local issues.[15]

Law enforcement

Unlike other states, Pennsylvania does not use county sheriff's offices to patrol areas without local police. Some municipalities elect to create or co-create local police departments, particularly to get better response times, have specific patrols of areas, and/or to enforce local ordinances. Others choose to only have part-time departments, with Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) filling the remainder of duties, or to use the PSP as the sole law enforcement agency. Any municipality may choose not to have a police department, and there is no extra cost for fully relying on the PSP. As of 2016 1,287 municipalities in the state used the PSP as their only local law enforcement, making up about 50% of the state's municipalities.[16] The full PSP municipalities that have a population of 10,000 or below combined have about 17% of the total number of people in Pennsylvania; these municipalities make up about 50% of the total municipalities in the state. About 80% of Pennsylvania residents live in areas with part-time or full-time police coverage, and those areas combined are 49% of the municipalities in the state.[17] In 2019, about 66% of the municipalities in the state had PSP as the sole law enforcement or had a part-time police force combined with PSP.[18] Any municipality using PSP may collect about 50% of the funds from any relevant traffic stops which result in ticketed drivers.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cabinet and Executive Staff". Governor of Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  2. ^ "Reader's Guide to the Pennsylvania Bulletin and Pennsylvania Code" (PDF). Pennsylvania Bulletin. 31 (7). Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau: 919. February 17, 2001.
  3. ^ "About the Pennsylvania Code". Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  4. ^ "Members of the House". Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  5. ^ "Members of the Senate". Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  6. ^ "Pennsylvania Session Laws > Introduction to Pamphlet Laws". Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  7. ^ Prince, Mary Miles (2001). Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Citations (6th ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. p. 343. ISBN 1-57588-669-3. LCCN 2001024375.
  8. ^ "Pennsylvania Session Laws > FAQ". Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  9. ^ "Pennsylvania State Legislature – System". system.uslegal.com. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Judicial districts Archived August 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Judicial selection in Pennsylvania - Ballotpedia". Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  12. ^ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Constitution. Article III Section 20.
  13. ^ The Pennsylvania Manual, Page 6-3.
  14. ^ Solicitor's Handbook (3rd ed.). Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development. April 2003. pp. 1–4, 15–18.
  15. ^ keenthemes. "-CUSTOMER VALUE-". -CUSTOMER VALUE-. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  16. ^ a b Klibanoff, Eleanor (May 4, 2016). "Half of Pa. municipalities rely fully on state police". WHYY-TV. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  17. ^ "State Police Coverage of Municipalities" (PDF). Pennsylvania House of Representatives. February 15, 2019. p. 2/6. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  18. ^ "State Police Coverage of Municipalities" (PDF). Pennsylvania House of Representatives. February 15, 2019. p. 1/6. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Government of Pennsylvania.

Read other articles:

دوري آيسلندا الممتاز 1946

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) دوري آيسلندا الممتاز 1946 تفاصيل الموسم دوري آيسلندا الممتاز  النسخة 35  البلد آيسلندا  المنظم اتحا�...

 

Khalkhas

Cet article concerne le peuple khalkha. Pour la langue khalkha, voir Mongol. Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (juillet 2016). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes e...

 

UFC 28

UFC mixed martial arts event in 2000 UFC 28: High StakesThe poster for UFC 28: High StakesInformationPromotionUltimate Fighting ChampionshipDateNovember 17, 2000VenueMark G. Etess Arena at Trump Taj MahalCityAtlantic City, New JerseyEvent chronology UFC 27: Ultimate Bad Boyz UFC 28: High Stakes UFC 29: Defense of the Belts UFC 28: High Stakes was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on November 17, 2000 at the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Hist...

Daizen Maeda

Daizen Maeda Maeda al Celtic nel 2023 Nazionalità  Giappone Altezza 173 cm Peso 67 kg Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Squadra  Celtic CarrieraGiovanili Yamanashi Gakuin University OrionsSquadre di club1 2016 Matsumoto Yamaga9 (0)2017→  Mito HollyHock36 (13)2018-2019 Matsumoto Yamaga47 (9)2019-2020→  Marítimo23 (3)2020-2022 Yokohama F·Marinos59 (26)2022- Celtic76 (19)Nazionale 2018-2021 Giappone U-2318 (9)2021 Giappone olimpica3 (1)2019- Giappone17 (...

 

Ираклеониты

Ираклеониты — ученики гностика Ираклеона (II век). Упоминаются как особая секта Епифанием и Августином; при крещении и миропомазании они соблюдали обряд помазания елеем и при этом произносили воззвания на арамейском языке, которые должны были освободить душу от власт�...

 

Domino (2019 film)

2019 film by Brian De Palma This article is about 2019 thriller film. For the 2005 biopic, see Domino (2005 film). DominoTheatrical release posterDirected byBrian De PalmaWritten byPetter SkavlanProduced byMichel SchønnemannStarring Nikolaj Coster-Waldau Carice van Houten Guy Pearce Eriq Ebouaney CinematographyJosé Luis AlcaineEdited byBill PankowMusic byPino DonaggioProductioncompaniesSchønne FilmZilvermeer ProductionsN279 EntertainmentAction BrandRecalcati MultimediaLight Industry Motion...

观察者网

  此條目介紹的是2012年在上海创办的一家民营新闻媒体。关于1946年在上海创刊的一份周刊，请见「观察 (杂志)」。关于2013年在上海创办、原名「上海觀察」的网络应用程序，请见「上觀新聞」。关于“观察者”的其他含义，请见「观察者」。 此條目過於依赖第一手来源。 (2021年1月17日)请補充第二手及第三手來源，以改善这篇条目。 观察者网观察者网首页在2019年7月...

 

西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细，需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸，輔助�...

 

الجبيل (الأحساء)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع الجبيل (توضيح). الجبيل (الأحساء) الجبيل[1]  تقسيم إداري البلد السعودية  [2] التقسيم الأعلى محافظة الأحساء  خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 25°24′N 49°39′E / 25.4°N 49.65°E / 25.4; 49.65   الارتفاع 140 متر  السكان التعداد السكاني 10241 (إحصاء السكا�...

Flesh (1932 film)

1932 film FleshTheatrical lobby cardDirected byJohn FordWritten byMoss HartWilliam Faulkner Edmund GouldingLeonard Praskins (adaptation)Edgar Allan Woolf (adaptation)Produced byJohn FordJohn W. Considine Jr.StarringWallace BeeryRicardo CortezKaren MorleyJean HersholtCinematographyArthur EdesonEdited byWilliam S. GrayMusic byAlfred NewmanProductioncompanyMetro-Goldwyn-MayerDistributed byLoew's Inc.Release date December 8, 1932 (1932-12-08) Running time96 minutesCountryUnited Sta...

 

United States in the Vietnam War

This article is part of a series on theHistory of the United States Timeline and periodsPrehistoric and Pre-Columbian Erauntil 1607Colonial Era 1607–17651776–1789    American Revolution 1765–1783    Confederation Period 1783–17881789–1815    Federalist Era 1788–1801    Jeffersonian Era1801–18171815–1849    Era of Good Feelings 1817–1825    Jacksonian Era18...

 

Enhanced oil recovery

Extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise This article is about processes applicable to conventional oil fields. For processes applied to oil sands, see oil sands. This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (February 2021) Injection well used for enhanced oil recovery Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR), ...

George A. Olah

George A. OlahLahirOláh György(1927-05-22)22 Mei 1927Budapest, HungariaMeninggal8 Maret 2017(2017-03-08) (umur 89)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatWarga negaraHungaria dan AmerikaAlmamaterUniversitas Teknologi dan Ekonomi BudapestDikenal atasKarbokasi via superasamSuami/istriJudith Lengyel ​(m. 1949)​Anak2Penghargaan Penghargaan Tolman (1991) Nobel Kimia (1994) ForMemRS (1997)[1] Penghargaan Arthur C. Cope (2001) Orde Matahari Terbit (2003) ...

 

Battle of the Baztan Valley

1794 battle during the French Revolutionary Wa Battle of the Baztan ValleyPart of the War of the PyreneesDoneztebe-Santesteban near the Baztan valleyDate23 July – 1 August 1794LocationBaztan Valley, SpainResult French victoryBelligerents France Spain French ÉmigrésCommanders and leaders Jacques Muller Bon-Adrien Moncey Ventura Caro Marquis Saint-Simon Col. Gabriel de Mendizábal IraetaStrength 3 divisions[1] Not knownCasualties and losses Over 600[1] Over 2,000, 300 cannon...

 

Ng Pak-hang

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un coureur cycliste hongkongais. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Pour plus d’informations, voyez le projet cyclisme. Dans ce nom, le nom de famille, Ng, précède le nom personnel. Ng Pak-hangInformationsNaissance 22 février 1999 (25 ans)Nationalité hongkongaiseÉquipe actuelle HKSI Pro Cycling TeamÉquipe UCI 8.2018-HKSI Pro Cycling TeamPrincipales victoires Champion de Hong Kong sur route (2023)mod...

Comair (Afrika Selatan)

Comair IATA ICAO Kode panggil MN CAW COMMERCIAL Didirikan1943 (sebagai Commercial Air Services)PenghubungBandar Udara Internasional OR TamboKota fokusBandar Udara Internasional Cape Town Bandar Udara Internasional King ShakaProgram penumpang setiaExecutive ClubLounge bandaraTerraces LoungeAliansiOneworld (Affiliate member)Anak perusahaankulula.comArmada16 + 4 OrdersTujuan10Perusahaan indukBritish AirwaysInternational Airlines GroupKantor pusatKempton Park, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South AfricaTok...

 

Carl Wernicke

German physician and neuropathologist (1848–1905) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Carl WernickeBorn15 May 1848Tarnowitz, Upper Silesia, Kingdom of PrussiaDied15 June 1905 (aged 57)Gräfenroda, German EmpireAlma materUniversity of BreslauKnown forWernicke aphasiaWernicke enc...

 

Grace Hartman (actress)

American actress (1907–1955) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Grace Hartman actress – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Grace HartmanHartman in Sunny (1951)BornGrace Barrett(1907-01-07)January 7, 1907San Francisco, C...

シュネシオス

16世紀に描かれた肖像画 キュレネのシュネシオス（古希: Συνέσιος 英: Synesius 370年ごろ - 413年ごろ[1]）は、東ローマ帝国初期・古代末期の新プラトン主義哲学者、第二次ソフィスト、キリスト教司教、ヒュパティアの教え子。複数の著作、書簡、讃歌が現存する。 生涯 370年ごろ、キュレネの異教徒の貴族の家に生まれる[2]。読書と狩りの田園生活を...

 

Khadjidimovo

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité bulgare. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Khadjidimovo Хаджидимово Administration Pays Bulgarie Obchtina Khadjidimovo Oblast Blagoevgrad Maire Ludmil Térziév (MNS) Code postal 2933 Démographie Population 2 804 hab. (2010) Géographie Coordonnées 41° 30′ 58″ nord, 23° 51′ 11″ est A...