Born in Porto Alegre, Gérson Vieira joined the youth academy of Grêmio at the age of eight.[2] On 17 January 2012, he was loaned out to Oeste for the Paulista championship.[3] On 8 January 2013, during the preseason, he was promoted to the senior team.[4] However, he failed to make a significant impact in the first team and soon speculation arose in the media of him joining French second-tier club Angers on a loan deal.[5]
On 13 December 2013, Gérson Vieira was loaned out to Red Bull Brasil, for the 2014 Paulista A2.[6] On 20 April, he scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 victory against Rio Branco.[7] On 28 July 2014, he moved abroad and joined Uruguyan club Atenas on a loan deal.[8] Gerson joined Red Bull Brasil, again on loan on 10 July 2015.[9]
Gérson Vieira switched clubs and countries and joined Indian Super League franchise Mumbai City on 28 June 2016.[10] He went on to score for the franchise in a 3–2 semifinal defeat against ATK.[11] After the season ended, he returned to his native country and joined Atlético Tubarão in January 2017.[1] On 28 July, Mumbai City announced that they had retained Gerson for the 2017–18 season.[12] He captained the team five times during the season, with manager Alexandre Guimarães describing him as a key player during the two seasons. After the season ended, he terminated his contract with the club and moved to Japanese second-tier club Renofa Yamaguchi on 20 March 2018.[13]
On 30 July 2018, Gérson Vieira returned to India and joined ATK.[14] On 10 November he scored his first goal for ATK from a header in the 82 minute of the match as ATK won against FC Pune City by 1–0.[15]
In 2022, Gérson Vieira returned to India and signed with I-League club TRAU and made his league debut on 15 November in their 1–1 draw against rival Aizawl.[17][18]
Gérson Vieira has been capped at the youth international level. He went on to win the Mediterranean International Cup with the under-15 and under-17 team and was also awarded the best player of the tournament of the 2009 Sendai Cup held at Japan.[2] He has played for the under-17 team in the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup and went on to collect 14 caps for the side.[10]